H. Y. Zhao
,
A. L. Lu
,
Q. Y. Shi and F. Yan (Welding Division
,
Department of Mechanical Engineering
,
Tsinghua University
,
Beijing 100084
,
China)
金属学报(英文版)
T-joints are widely used in ship manufacturing and other welding structures.The welding residual stress and deformation hare significant influence on failure and service life in welding structures.By us- ing of 3D thermal elasto - plastic FEM, the temperature fields,stress fields and deformation of weld- ing processes on T - joints are analyzed in this paper.The moving heat source is considered in the com- putation. Moreover, weld metal filling and multiple - pass welding are simulated using activate/deac- tivate ability.For avoiding "locking" in full integration elements of welding computation,the re- duced intergration elements are used in weld area.The nonlinear FEM analysis program MARC is used to complete the computations, as well as its user subroutines that are programmed to develop the special techniques needed in the simulation of welding process.Some different welding procedures are com- pared, and the welding residual stress and deformation are discussed in details.
关键词:
welding
,
null
,
null
,
null
,
null
B.S. Sung
,
I.S. Kim
金属学报(英文版)
Recently, there has been a rapid development in computer technology, which has in turn led to develop the fully robotic welding system using artificial intelligence (AI) technology. However, the robotic welding system has not been achieved due to difficulties of the mathematical model and sensor technologies. The possibilities of the fuzzy regression method to predict the bead geometry, such as bead width, bead height, bead penetration and bead area in the robotic GMA (gas metal arc) welding process is presented. The approach, a well-known method to deal with the problems with a high degree of fuzziness, is used to build the relationship between four process variables and the four quality characteristics, respectively. Using these models, the proper prediction of the process variables for obtaining the optimal bead geometry can be determined.
关键词:
robotic arc welding
,
arc
,
welding
,
Bead
,
geometry
,
Fuzzy
Hongwu ZHANG
,
Zhao ZHANG
材料科学技术（英文）
Rate-dependent constitutive model was used to simulate the friction stir welding process. The effect of the viscosity coefficient and the process parameters on the material behaviors and the stress distributions around the pin were studied. Results indicate that the stress in front of the pin is larger than that behind the pin. The difference between the radial/circumferential stress in front of the pin and that behind it becomes smaller when the material gets closer to the top surface. This difference increases with increasing the viscosity coefficient and becomes smaller when the welding speed decreases. The variation of the angular velocity does not significantly affect the difference.
关键词:
Friction stir welding
,
stir
,
welding
,
Finite
,
element
,
met
C. D. Lundin and C. Zhou (The University of Tennessee Knoxville
,
TN 37996
,
USA)
金属学报(英文版)
Accurate thermal simulation is the key in the simulation approach to defining the unique microstructure and properties of the HAZ regions. Simulation enables an expansion of the volume of material char- acteristic of each H4Z region to a sufficient size for property determination.The combined influence of heat input,preheat temperature, plate thickness, and widing process on HAZ microstructure and properties relics on the accurate simulation of thermal cycles corresponding to different peak temperatures using an HAZ simulator like the Gleeble.Several computer programs have been developed to predict thermal excursions in various HAZ regions during welding. Some were developed based simply on the thermal propertics of a material;whereas, others were generated on the basis of actual experimental data.A suitable HAZ thermal simulation program must be ons that can authntically duplicate an ac- tual thermal cycle experienced during welding within reasonable limies. Therefore, the similarities and differences among the HAZ thermal cycles predicted by various methodologies should be fully under- stood. A total of sts thermal cycle prediction methodologies were compared in this evaluation. It was de- termined that some HAZ simulation programs have sever limitations due to the idealized assumptions considered in their development.According to the experieare at The University of Tennessee and the comparison results in this study, the HAZ thermal simulation programs; " HAZ Calculator" and F(s, d); are recommended for accurate HAZ thermal cycle duplication.
关键词:
welding
,
null
,
null
王清江
,
刘建荣
,
杨锐
航空材料学报
doi:10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2014.4.001
简要回顾国内外固溶强化型高温钛合金材料的发展历史,分析英、美、俄等国的高温钛合金研究与应用情况及发展趋势.介绍国内自主研制、使用温度在550～ 650℃范围内的三种钛合金新材料及其相关技术发展,对国内高温钛合金材料进行初步梳理.参考国外高温钛合金研究、应用经验及发展趋势,结合国内实际情况,对国内高温钛合金材料体系的建立及完善提出具体建议,并展望国内高温钛合金近期研究重点和未来发展方向.
关键词:
高温钛合金
,
Ti55合金
,
Ti60合金
,
Ti65合金
,
材料体系
,
焊接
,
铸造
,
保载疲劳
华世荣
,
陈世荣
,
赖福东
,
谢金平
,
范小玲
电镀与涂饰
综述了国内外化学镀金的研究现状,并从基材、镀金层厚度、镀覆工艺、镀液配方、焊接等方面对印制线路板(PCB)化学镀金的可靠性影响因素进行了分析对比,结合PCB高可靠性的要求,对未来化学镀金的发展进行了展望.
关键词:
印制线路板
,
化学镀
,
金
,
镍
,
可靠性
,
厚度
,
配方
,
焊接
T.Igari
金属学报(英文版)
A simulation method for microscopic creep damage at grain boundaries in the finegrain heat-affected zone of low-alloy steel welds involving high energy piping was proposed on the basis of the combination of elastic-creep FEM (finite element method) analysis and random fracture resistance modeling of the materials. The procedure to determine the initiation and growth-driving forces of small defects were briefly described. Then, a simulation procedure combining the stress distribution from elasticcreep FEM and the random fracture resistance model was proposed, and this procedure was applied to the simulation of the microscopic damage progress in a welded joint model test and in actual power piping. The results in terms of the simulated number density of small defects throughout the wall thickness were in good agreement with the observed results.
关键词:
type IV
,
null
,
null
李克俭
,
蔡志鹏
,
李轶非
,
潘际銮
金属学报
doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00590
采用热模拟的方法研究了FB2钢(一种新型9%Cr马氏体耐热钢)中Laves相在焊接热循环中的演化行为. 首先借助SEM观察到存在于原始供货状态下的FB2钢中尺寸在微米级别的Laves相颗粒; 进一步的分析表明, 这些Laves相的出现是由铸造过程中的枝晶偏析导致的. 焊接热模拟实验结果表明, 在加热过程中, Laves相与基体γ-Fe发生共晶反应导致的组分液化会给FB2钢热影响区带来热裂倾向; 在冷却后的样品中发现了一些网状的共晶组织, 利用SEM/EDS和TEM分别得到了该共晶组织的成分信息和结构信息, 确定该共晶组织的2个组分为χ相和γ-Fe. 在此基础之上, 较为详细地分析了不同峰值温度热模拟后样品中共晶组织的形成过程, 解释了共晶组织不同形貌的产生原因.
关键词:
FB2钢
,
Laves相
,
组分液化
,
χ
,
相
,
热裂倾向
,
焊接
张正法
钢铁
用作摩托车排气管的410S铁素体不锈钢焊管在弯曲成形时从焊接接头开裂,针对焊管弯裂的成因进行了试验分析,找出了弯裂原因为粗大的铁素体晶粒、马氏体及高温脆化引起的焊接接头塑、韧性降低,并提出了改善或避免该缺陷的措施,即适当加快焊接速度以减小焊接热输入量,使焊缝及热影响区变窄并降低铁素体晶粒的粗化倾向。
关键词:
铁素体不锈钢
,
焊接
,
开裂
,
金相组织
