材料期刊网

Influence of Ce on Characteristics of Inclusions and Microstructure of Pure Iron

WEN Bin , SONG Bo , PAN Ning , SHU Qi-feng , HU Xiao-jun , MAO Jing-hong

钢铁研究学报(英文版)

The experiments on adding Ce, Mn and S to molten iron have been carried out by means of the electric furnace, and the concentration of oxygen, the evolution of inclusions and microstructures of samples are analyzed, indicating that the concentration of dissolved oxygen decreases greatly after adding Ce. The calculated thermodynamics results at 1273 K performed on Factsage show that Ce2O2S and CeAlO3 are formed with the increase of Ce content for w(Ce)＞00002 and w(S)＜00001, while three cerium sulphides (CeS, Ce3S4 and Ce2S3, in sequence), MnS and Ce2O2S are formed with the increase of S content and the decrease of Ce content for w(Ce)＞00002 and w(S)＞00001. These results are consistent with the SEM observations. Finally, some possible reasons are given to explain the formation of intragranular ferrite in the pure iron.

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PAN基炭纤维经济规模分析

夏春霞 , 闫亚明 , 邓蜀平 , 白光君 , 蒋云峰 , 宋惠森 , 王钰

新型炭材料 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-8827.2001.04.013

聚丙烯腈(Polyacrylonitrile缩写为PAN)基炭纤维市场需求旺盛,但由于我国PAN基炭纤维生产企业规模小、产品性能低,产品占领不了市场,企业效益欠佳.通过经济规模方法的分析,就国内现有技术状况和两个样本生产线,用工程技术法对PAN基炭纤维的经济规模进行分析,为我国炭纤维产业化发展提供参考.分析表明,国内PAN基炭纤维经济规模的起点为200t/a～275t/a.

关键词: PAN基炭纤维 , 经济规模 , 工程技术法

PAN/PI复合纤维的结构

李常清 , 袁姗 , 罗荣 , 郭雅明 , 徐樑华

高分子材料科学与工程

将聚酰亚胺(PI)加入丙烯腈-衣康酸-二甲基亚砜体系进行聚丙烯腈(PAN)溶液聚合,湿法纺丝制备了PAN/PI复合纤维.利用流变仪、红外光谱、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪等研究了PAN/PI溶液的性质和复合纤维的结构特点.研究发现,加入PI后,聚合物溶液的稳态黏度降低,弹性和粘性模量在低剪切速率区降低;PI作为成核剂,引起初生纤维结晶度增大、晶粒尺寸减小;PI与PAN的溶解性差异导致凝固加快,初生纤维形成皮芯结构;引起原丝体密度减小.PAN/PI纤维在N2下放热量较少,在空气中由于结构疏松放热量较大.

关键词: 聚丙烯腈纤维 , 聚酰亚胺 , 原液改性 , 晶态结构

PAN初生纤维拉伸性能试验研究

谢奔 , 朱波 , 王政 , 井敏 , 王进军 , 张春雷 , 吴益民

功能材料

为了提高聚丙烯腈（PAN）初生纤维的可拉伸性能,将溶液纺丝得到的初生纤维进行不同时间的恒温干燥处理,研究其拉伸性能随干燥时间的变化规律。结果表明,干燥处理可以大幅度提升PAN初生纤维的力学性能,其拉伸强力可达10.3cN,断裂伸长可达263.5%;随着干燥时间的延长,纤维的可拉伸性能增强,经过10h干燥后的初生纤维具有最佳可牵伸性能;而拉伸速率的提高可以有效促进未干燥初生纤维的拉伸变形,而对干燥处理后纤维的拉伸性能的影响不大。用SEM观察纤维断裂形貌发现,PAN纤维的致密性随牵伸比的增加而提高。

关键词: 聚丙烯腈 , 初生纤维 , 干燥 , 拉伸性能 , 断裂形貌

Effect of carbonization atmosphere on the structure changes of PAN carbon membranes

Journal of Porous Materials

PAN carbon membranes were prepared by carbonizing the initial PAN membranes in vacuum and Ar at different temperatures. FTIR, Raman and XRD were applied to study the influence of carbonization atmosphere on the structure changes of PAN carbon membranes. The variations in adsorption peaks of FTIR, the intensity, position and FWHM of the Raman peaks, and microcrystallite parameters from XRD (e.g., d(002), Lc and La) are correlated with the structure change of PAN carbon membranes. Analyses results reveal that vacuum atmosphere can produce PAN carbon membranes with higher order degree than those in Ar atmosphere, although the structures of PAN carbon membranes prepared in the two atmospheres are both amorphous. In addition, vacuum atmosphere can significantly accelerate the degradation reaction of PAN membranes and favors the preparation of carbon membranes with smaller pore size.

关键词: Carbonization;Atmosphere;Carbon membranes;PAN;Structure;molecular-sieve membranes;gas separation membranes;phenolic resin;pyrolysis conditions;thermal-degradation;polyimide;polyacrylonitrile;deposition;graphite;kapton

New Evaluation on the Preoxidation Extent of Different PAN Precursors

Wangxi ZHANG , Jie LIU , Jieying LIANG , null , null , null

材料科学技术（英文）

Structural changes in carbon fibers at each stage of, especially, preoxidation process are well known to play a great role in achieving the ultimate product quality. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), density method and optical microscope were used to characterize the preoxidation extent. A conventional approach, e:g., density aim, to evaluate the extent of preoxidation is not very exact. A DSC curve of a PAN precursor only can provide general information, major in the temperature regime of preoxidation reaction. However, the evaluation of a preoxidation extent, especially from conventional preoxidation temperature with a great span regime of 200~400℃, is put forward in this paper, in which the evolution of core/shell morphological structure is a kind of straightforward evidence.

关键词: Preoxidation , null , null

UHMW-PAN中空纤维膜的研制及应用(Ⅰ)--UHMW-PAN的合成

沈新元 , 朱新远 , 郝建斌 , 王庆瑞

膜科学与技术 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-8924.1998.03.007

为制备强度较高、适合反冲洗的中空纤维膜,以水相悬浮聚合法制备得到UHMWPAN,研究了引发剂用量、单体浓度、聚合温度、聚合时间、搅拌速度和聚合釜大小对聚合物分子量的影响,在此基础上确定了制备所需UHMW-PAN的合适工艺条件.

关键词: 中空纤维膜 , 超高分子量 , 聚丙烯腈 , 水相悬浮聚合

粒子增强PAN支撑膜的研究

葛继均 , 周花 , 崔永芳 , 张志英

高分子材料科学与工程

对无机粒子填充的PAN渗透蒸发支撑膜进行了初步的研究.考察了不同填充量和填充体系及拉伸热定型的后处理工艺对膜通量和粘弹性的影响.结果表明,不同填充量和填充体系对膜通量及粘弹性的影响不明显;而拉伸和热定型的后处理工艺条件对膜通量和粘弹性有较大的影响.随拉伸比的提高,膜通量迅速增大,膜的稳定性变好,具有很好的耐热性,而膜的截流率却几乎不变.此外,还就膜的耐热机理进行了初步探讨.

关键词: 聚丙烯腈 , 无机粒子 , 支撑膜 , 耐热性机理

液流电池用PAN碳毡材料的改性

张欢 , 谭毅 , 施伟 , 李佳艳

材料导报

液流电池是实现可再生能源大规模应用的新型绿色二次电池,其中电极材料的性能对于液流电池的实际应用具有重要意义.聚丙烯腈基(PAN)碳毡是液流电池的首选电极材料,为了进一步提高PAN碳毡电极材料的亲水性和电化学活性,近些年有关PAN碳毡的改性研究成为了热点.介绍了液流电池的工作原理及其电极材料,着重介绍了液流电池用改性PAN碳毡电极材料的研究现状,并展望了制备PAN碳毡电极材料的发展趋势.

关键词: PAN碳毡 , 电极材料 , 改性 , 液流电池 , 电池性能

Comparison of Structure and Properties among Various PAN Fibers for Carbon Fibers

Dongxin HE , Chengguo WANG , Yujun BAI , Bo ZHU

材料科学技术（英文）

To find out the high-quality polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, some differences are sought by comparing domestic PAN fibers with the foreign ones. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, elemental analyzer, tensile-testing machine and high-temperature differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) are used to characterize the individual microstructure, chemical structure, elemental content, mechanical properties and thermal properties. It is found that high-quality PAN fibers have high density, lower titre, higher or adequate tensile strength, and they also have better conglomeration structure, smaller crystal dimension with dispersive distribution, less microvoids and flaws.

关键词: Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber , 聚丙烯腈纤维 , 碳纤维