材料期刊网

A CHALLENGE FOR BIAXIAL AND TRIAXIAL CREEP TESTING

M. Sakane (Department of Mechanical Engineering , Faculty of Science and Engineering , Ritsumeikan University , 1-1-1Nojihigashi Kusatsu-shi Shiga , 525-8577 , Japan)S. Mukai (Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation , 4002 Narita-cho Oarai-cho Ibaragibun Ibaragi , 311-13 , Japan)

金属学报(英文版)

This paper describes new methods for biaxial and triaxial creep testing. Biaxial tension and triaxial tension creep testers were developed. The performance of the machines was described and some test results were discussed. Stress biaxiality had almost no effect on the creep deformation and Mises potential was suitable for describing the creep deformation under biaxial and triaxial stress states. Stress biaxiality had a small influence on prolonging creep rupture time under the constant Mises stress condition.A new triaxial tension creep testing method was discussed together with the shape of the triaxial creep specimen.

关键词: creep , null , null , null , null

Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering of Chongqing University

YAN Guangting Chongqing University , Sichuan , China.

材料科学技术（英文）

关键词:

Evaluating and Modeling the Mechanical Properties of the Prepared PLGA/nano-BCP Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Mehdi Ebrahimian-Hosseinabadi Fakhredin Ashrafizadeh Mohammadreza Etemadifar Subbu S. Venkatraman

材料科学技术（英文）

In this paper, preparation of nano-biphasic calcium phosphate (nBCP), mechanical behavior and load-bearing of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and PLGA/nBCP are presented. The nBCP with composition of 63/37 (w/w) HA/β-TCP (hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate) was produced by heating of bovine bone at 700°C. Composite scaffolds were made by using PLGA matrix and 10-50 wt% nBCP powders as reinforcement  material. All scaffolds were prepared by thermally induced solid-liquid phase separation (TIPS) at -60°C under 4 Pa (0.04 mbar) vacuum. The results of elastic modulus testing were adjusted with Ishai-Cohen and Narkis models for rigid polymeric matrix and compared to each other. PLGA/nBCP scaffolds with 30 wt% nBCP showed the highest value of yield strength among the scaffolds. In addition, it was found that by increasing the nBCP in scaffolds to 50 wt%, the modulus of elasticity was highly enhanced. However, the optimum value of yield strength was obtained at 30 wt% nBCP, and the agglomeration of reinforcing particles at higher percentages caused a reduction in yield strength. It is clear that the elastic modulus of matrix has the significant role in elastic modulus of scaffolds, as also the size of the filler particles in the matrix.

关键词: Scaffold

Effect of Solution Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Superalloy TMW-4M3

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions a-Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science

The influence of solution temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TMW-4M3 superalloy has been investigated. Comparisons of mechanical properties have also been made between the heat-treated TMW-4M3 variants and the commercial U720Li. The key microstructural variables examined were grain size and the volume fraction and size of the strengthening gamma' precipitates that control the mechanical properties of these alloys. By increasing the solution temperature from 1373 K to 1393 K (1100 A degrees C to 1120 A degrees C), the volume fraction of primary gamma prime dropped from 16.9 pct to 14.5 pct, whereas the average grain size increased from 8.7 mu m to 10.6 mu m. Compared with an alloy with a smaller grain size, the alloy with a larger grain size exhibited superior resistances to creep and fatigue crack growth without the expense of reduced tensile strength and low-cycle fatigue resistance. This suggested that a higher solution temperature may benefit TMW-4M3 in terms of superior overall properties. The greater overall properties of TMW-4M3 variants than that of commercial U720Li were also demonstrated experimentally. The possible explanations for the improvement of mechanical properties were discussed.

关键词: ni-base superalloy;low-cycle fatigue;heat-treatment;cooling;precipitation;stainless-steel;yield strength;udimet 720li;creep;behavior;alloy

Biomimicry of bamboo bast fiber with engineering composite materials

Materials Science & Engineering C-Biomimetic Materials Sensors and Systems

Bamboo, one of the strongest natural structural composite materials, has many distinguishing features. It has been found that its reinforcement unit, hollow, multilayered and spirally-wound bast fiber, plays an extremely important role in its mechanical behavior. In the present work, on the basis of the study on bamboo bast fiber and wood tracheid, a biomimetic model of the reinforcing element, composed of two layers of helically wound fiber, was suggested. To detect the structural characteristics of such a microstructure, four types of macro fiber specimens made of engineering composites were employed: axially aligned solid and hollow cylinders, and single- and double-helical hollow cylinders. These specimens were subjected to several possible loadings, and the experimental results reveal that only the double-helical structural unit possesses the optimum comprehensive mechanical properties. An interlaminar transition zone model imitating bamboo bast fiber was proposed and was verified by engineering composite materials. In our work, the transition zone can increase the interlaminar shear strength of the composite materials by about 15%. These biomimetic structural models can be applied in the design and manufacture of engineering composite materials.

关键词: bamboo;bast fiber;biomimetics;engineering composites

Phase constitution and magnetic properties of Nd10Fe76B4M10 and Nd10Fe76B2M12 (M = Fe, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co and Al) alloys prepared by mechanical alloying

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

Phase constitution and magnetic properties of Nd10Fe76B4M10 and Nd10Fe76B2M12 (M = Fe,Ti,V,Cr, Mn,Co and Al) alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and subsequent annealing have been systematically studied. It is found that the components of phases in the alloys critically depend on the additive transition metals M. In all the alloys, only the addition of Ti give significant enhancement to the permanent-magnetic properties. The increase of the Curie temperature in the Ti-doped alloys with an excessively low B content implies that part of the Ti atoms may occupy crystalline sites other than the Fe sites. In all the M additive alloys, with increasing content of the additive elements, the quantity of 1:7 phase increases and that of Nd2Fe14B-type phase decreases, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词: phase constitution;structure;magnetic properties;alloys;mechanical;alloying;nd;coercivity

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF P/M TiAl ALLOYS AND THE TEMPERATURE EFFECT

Z.M.Sun , H.Hashimoto , S.Sumi , Y.H.Park and T.Abe (Materials Engineering Division , Tohoku National Industrial Research Institute 4-2-1 Nigatake , Miyagino-ku , Sendai 983-8551 , Japan) Z.H. Shan (Research Fellow of Science and Technology Agency of Japan STA)

金属学报(英文版)

Two intermetallic compounds of Ti-50at.% Al and Ti-48at.% Al-2at.% Cr were prepared with a mechanical alloying and pulse discharge sintering process. The as-sintered material showed a microstructure of equiaxed gamma grain with sub-micron size. Heat treatments in vacuum at different temperatures up to 1573K were conducted on the sintered materials. The microstructure of the material coarsened considerably after heat treatment at temperatures higher than 1523K. The mechanical properties of the as-sintered and the heat treated materials were measured at temperatures of up to 973K, with four-point bending tests. Experimental results indicated that the addition of Cr increased the fracture strength of the intermetallic compound at room temperature and at elevated temperatures as well. The bending fracture strength increased with increasing testing temperature up to about 873K and a decreasing followed up. Both fracture strength and fracture strain of the material were found to be improved by heat treatment.

关键词: titanium aluminide , null , null , null , null

Strengthening Materials by Engineering Coherent Internal Boundaries at the Nanoscale

Science

Strengthening materials traditionally involves the controlled creation of internal defects and boundaries so as to obstruct dislocation motion. Such strategies invariably compromise ductility, the ability of the material to deform, stretch, or change shape permanently without breaking. Here, we outline an approach to optimize strength and ductility by identifying three essential structural characteristics for boundaries: coherency with surrounding matrix, thermal and mechanical stability, and smallest feature size finer than 100 nanometers. We assess current understanding of strengthening and propose a methodology for engineering coherent, nanoscale internal boundaries, specifically those involving nanoscale twin boundaries. Additionally, we discuss perspectives on strengthening and preserving ductility, along with potential applications for improving failure tolerance, electrical conductivity, and resistance to electromigration.

关键词: strain-rate sensitivity;stacking-fault energy;nano-scale twins;cu-al;alloys;nanocrystalline metals;mechanical-properties;activation;volume;copper;deformation;behavior

Relationship between layered crystal structure and mechanical properties of M(3)AlN (M = Zr and Hf): A first-principles investigation

Journal of Materials Research

Bonding character, elastic mechanical parameters, ideal strengths, and atomistic shear deformation mechanisms of M(3)AlN (M = Zr and Hf) were studied by first-principles method. M(3)AlN exhibits layered chemical bonding character due to the alternately stacking of relatively soft AI-M and strong N-M covalent bonds. The second-order elastic constants and mechanical parameters of M(3)AlN were reported for the first time. The stress-strain relationships for different deformation modes were studied and the ideal shear and tensile strength were obtained. M(3)AlN ceramics are predicted to be "quasi-ductile" layered nitrides based on the low shear-modulus-to-bulk-modulus ratios, positive Cauchy pressure (c(12)-c(44)), and lower ideal shear strength compared to ideal tensile strength. Investigation of the atomistic shear deformation mechanism of M(3)AlN shows that stretching of soft Al-Hf bonds and relatively weak bridge N-Hf1 bonds dominate the shear deformation; while the rigid N-Hf2 bonds resist against the applied shear strain. Chemical bonding characteristics and shear deformation mechanism of M(3)AlN are similar with those of other "quasi-ductile" ceramics, such as MAX phases, LaPO(4) monazite, and gamma-Y(2)Si(2)O(7). The results further suggest that M(3)AlN nitrides should be quasi-ductile and damage tolerant.

关键词: electronic-structure;ternary carbides;ceramics;optimization;zr2al3c4;systems;solids;ti2alc

STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF CRITICAL INCLUSION FACTOR FOR SECONDARY RECRYSTALLIZATON IN 3%Si STEEL Lecturer,Department of Materials Engineering,Southwestern Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China

LI Shuchen Southwestern Jiaotong University , Chengdu , ChinaCHEN Mengzhe KE Jun University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing , China

金属学报(英文版)

On the basis of statistical data of MnS in the conventional 3% Si steel sheeets after various annealing processes,the critical inclusion factor has been evaluated to be 20 mm~(-1).The inhi- bition of MnS to grain growth has been exactly described.

关键词: 3%Si steel , null , null