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Molecular dynamics studies on vacancy-interstitial annihilation in silicon

Acta Physica Sinica

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is performed to study the vacancy-interstitial annihilation in crystalline silicon. We choose the Stillinger-Weber potential, which is commonly used for silicon, to describe the interaction between atoms. The system is relaxed under 300K and 1400K respectively. We have found that < 111 > is the preferred recombination direction and propose the presence of an energy barrier in the < 110 > direction. From the calculated value of energy barrier along < 110 > we give a reasonable explanation for the difference between Tang's and Zawadzki's data.

关键词: molecular dynamics;vacancy and interstitial;diffusion;point-defects;diffusion;mechanisms

ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL QUASI-LATTICES

Zeitschrift Fur Physik B-Condensed Matter

we study the on-site model of a new class of one-dimensional quasiperiodic lattices, for which the substitution rules are B --> BA, and A --> BAB. By means of the renormalization-group approach, a interesting multifractal spectral behavior has been found, which has been confirmed by numerical simulation. A Cantor-like energy spectra is obtained by using the Kohmoto-Kadanaff-Tang (KKT) renormalization-group method. Three kinds of wave-function behavior (extended, localized, and intermediate states) are definitely found.

关键词: energy-spectrum;quasiperiodic lattices;localization problem;trace;maps;fibonacci;quasicrystal;systems;tilings

NiO/FeCo磁性多层膜的高频磁性

李玉伟 , 陈继红 , 唐东明 , 张豹山 , 鹿牧 , 陆怀先

功能材料与器件学报 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-4252.2010.02.011

制备了一系列具有铁磁/反铁磁交换偏置作用的[NiO/Fe65Co35]10多层膜,使用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量了样品的静磁参数,利用微带线法测量了样品4GHz-10GHz的磁谱,首次制备并测得了自然共振频率(fr)在6GHz以上,最高到f=9.6GHz的薄膜样品.结果表明交换偏置场(Hex)、各向异性场(Hua)、以及矫顽力(Hc)随铁磁层厚度(tFM)增大而减小;基于Landau-Lifishitz (L-L)方程对静磁参量和磁谱进行了比较,发现样品自然共振频率较L-L方程计算值偏大30%以上.

关键词: 铁磁 , 反铁磁 , 交换偏置场 , 各向异性场 , 交换耦合能密度 , 自然共振频率

Intensified alkaline leaching pretreatment of refractory gold concentrates at common temperature and pressure

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China

A new process for the hydrometallurgy of refractory gold concentrates was presented. The process comprises grinding-leaching, intensified alkaline leaching (IAL), cyanidation and adsorption. In a stirring-type pulverizing-leaching tower mill, the concentrate is ground to <35. 6 μm of 95. 5 % while simultaneously leached by NaOH of 12 kg/t, then carried out intensified alkaline leaching for 48 h by NaOH of 108 kg/t in enhanced agitation tanks with the pulp concentration of 40% solids at the environmental temperature of 9. 5 &SIM; 13. 5 &DEG;C and the environmental pressure of 10(5) Pa. The oxidation rate of As is 94. 9%, and 47. 6% for S. The total consumption of NaOH is only 20% of that theoretically calculated under the conditions of full oxidation at the same oxidation rates of arsenic to arsenate and sulfur to sulfate. The gold leaching rate by NaCN in 24 h is increased from 9. 2% before pretreatment to 94. 2%. The consumption of NaCN is 7. 5 kg/t, which is one times less than that before pretreatment. The extraction cost of gold is about 422 Yuan/t.

关键词: refractory gold concentrates;grinding-leaching;intensified alkaline;leaching (IAL);pretreatment;common temperature and pressure

铜催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应合成手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃

陈修帅 , 侯传金 , 李晴 , 刘彦军 , 杨瑞丰 , 胡向平

催化学报 doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(16)62488-9

手性2,3-二氢呋喃衍生物是一类重要的杂环化合物,广泛存在于天然产物和生物活性分子中.它们也经常被用于手性四氢呋喃化合物的不对称合成.因此,人们发展了很多合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃化合物的方法,如有机小分子催化的多米诺迈克尔-烷基化反应、“中断的”Feist-Bénary反应或改进的 Feist-Bénary反应.此外,过渡金属催化的手性2,3-二氢呋喃的不对称合成在近些年引起了人们的极大关注. Ozawa等通过 Pd-催化2,3-二氢呋喃的动力拆分方法获得了手性2-芳基-2,3-二氢呋喃. Evans发展了一种 Sc-催化联烯硅和乙醛酸乙酯的[3+2]环加成反应合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃的方法.最近, Fu和 Tang等发展了 Cu催化烯酮和重氮化合物的[4+1]环加成反应合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃的方法.在 Nishibayashi和 van Maarseveen的开创性工作之后, Cu催化的不对称炔丙基转化反应取得了很大的进展.最近,我们发展了一类新的三齿手性 P,N,N-配体,在 Cu催化不对称炔丙基取代、脱羧炔丙基取代、[3+2]、[3+3]和[4+2]环加成反应中表现出优秀的对映和非对映选择性.其中,我们发现采用 Cu催化炔丙醇酯和β-酮酯的[3+2]环加成反应,能高对映选择性地获得手性2,3-二氢呋喃.我们设想,采用β-羰基膦酸酯代替β-酮酯,通过这种 Cu催化[3+2]环加成反应,将可以合成一类具有重要生物活性的手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.基于这种设想,本文使用手性 P,N,N-配体,通过 Cu催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应,以很好的收率和最高92% ee的对映选择性获得了一系列光学活性的膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.我们以炔丙醇酯1a与β-羰基膦酸酯2a为标准底物,优化了反应条件,考察了配体、Cu盐、碱和反应温度等对反应收率和对映选择性的影响.我们确定了最佳的反应条件:以4b为配体,以 Cu(OTf)2为铜盐,以t-BuOK为碱,以 MeOH为溶剂,–20oC反应24 h.在此条件下,我们对β-羰基磷酸酯2的适用范围进行了考察.结果表明,各种苯基取代的β-羰膦磷酸酯均能得到很好的收率和对映选择性.苯环上取代基的空间效应对反应的对映选择性影响不大,但对反应收率影响较大,与相应3-取代或4-取代底物相比较,2-取代的底物获得的收率较低.苯环对位取代基的电子效应对反应的影响不大,给电子基或吸电子基的底物,均得到了较好的收率和对映选择性.杂环取代的底物同样适用于该反应,以90%的收率和89% ee的对映选择性获得了相应的[3+2]环加成产物.对于烷基底物,虽然反应的产率略低,但是得到了高达92% ee的产物.此外,我们对炔丙醇酯底物的适用范围也进行了考察.结果表明,该体系对于各种取代的炔丙醇酯底物均可以获得较高的收率和良好的对映选择性.总之,本文发展了一种铜催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应的方法,成功合成了手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.通过使用一个结构刚性的酮亚胺三齿 P,N,N-配体,以很好的收率和最高92% ee的对映选择性获得了一系列光学活性的膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.

关键词: , 不对称合成 , 3+2环加成 , β-羰基膦酸酯 , 膦酰化 2,3-二氢呋喃

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