Journal of Materials Science
The chemical states of oxygen implanted in SUS304 stainless steel and pure metals (Fe,Ni,Cr) by O-2(+) ion bombardment have been investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using synchrotron soft X-ray. For SUS304, all of implanted oxygen is chemically combined with the constituent metals, forming metallic oxides. For pure metals, on the other hand, only a part of implanted oxygen react with the target metals. The other part of the implanted oxygen in pure metals does not react with the target, and they are inserted into the crystal lattice (we call them as "dissolved oxygen"). The ratio of "dissolved oxygen" to the reacted oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of target metals. (C) 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
关键词:
ions
WADSWORTH Jeffrey and FLUSS Michael(Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate
,
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
,
Livermore
,
CA 94551)
金属学报(英文版)
The role of the National Laboratories is summarized from the era of post World War II to the present time. The U.S. federal government policy for the National Laboratories and its influence on their materials science infrastructure is reviewed with respect to .determining overall research strategies, various initiatives to interact with industry (especially in recent years),building facilities that serve the nation, and developing leading edge research in the materials sciences. Despite reductions in support for research in the U.S. in recent years, and uncertainties regarding the specific policies for Research &Development (R&D) in the U.S., there are strong roles for materials research at the National Laboratories. These roles will be centered on the abilities of the National Laboratories to field multidisciplinary teams, the use of unique cutting edge facilities, a focus on areas of strength within each of the labs,increased teaming and partnerships, and the selection of motivated research areas. It is hoped that such teaming opportunities will include new alliances with China, in a manner similar, perhaps, to those recently achieved between the U.S. and other countries.
关键词:
: U.S. Materials Science. U.S. National Laboratories and Facilities
,
null
