Liangbi LI
,
Zhengquan WAN
,
Zili WANG
,
Chunyan JI
金属学报(英文版)
doi:10.1016/S1006-7191(08)60090-3
Many factors influence the fatigue and crack growth behavior of welded joints. Some structures often undergo fairly large static loading before they enter service or variable amplitude cyclic loading when they are in service. The combined effect of both applied stress and high initial residual stress is expected to cause the residual stresses relaxation. Only a few papers seem to deal with appropriate procedures for fatigue analysis and crack growth by considering the combined effect of variable amplitude cyclic loading with residual stresses relaxation. In this article, some typical welded connections in ship-shaped structures are investigated with 3-D elastic-plastic finite element analysis. The effect of residual stress relaxation, initial residual stress, and the applied load after variable amplitude cyclic loading is revealed, and a formula for predicting the residual stress at hot spot quantitatively is proposed. Based on the formula, an improved fatigue procedure is introduced. Moreover, crack growth of typical weld joints considering residual stresses relaxation is studied.
关键词:
Residual stress relaxation
,
null
,
null
,
null
H.P. Chen and Z.J. Deng (State Key Lab. for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
,
Xi'an Jiaotong University
,
Xi'an 710049
,
China)
金属学报(英文版)
The effect of specimen thinkness on JR resistance curve has been investigated using low and middle strength steels. As the J dominance regime is reached, the initial J-integral values, J(i), are definite even if the elastic component Ji(e) and plastic component Ji(p)vary with the thinkness of specimen. The wider the specimen width, the larger the Ji(e)/Ji and the smaller the Ji(p)/Ji. The crack propagation resistance, dJR/da and dJp/da, decreases, while dJe/da increases linearly with increasing specimen thinness.Based on the above experimental results, an empirical formula dJ/da = α+β. B is given, which can be used to evaluate the safety of practical structural components.A modified J-integral is presented, upon which a new view is Put forward that the increase in crack growth resistance is induced mainly by the increase in the plastic J-integral component with the crack propagation,
关键词:
: fracture mechanics
,
null
,
null
,
null
张淑佳
,
卢炎麟
,
任立义
,
洪起超
金属学报
对20 g钢高温断裂韧性随加载速率的变化规律进行了实验研究.在400℃和500℃下,分别测量了几种加载速率下20 g钢的Ji值.实验结果表明:Ji值随应变速率的增大而有较大幅度的降低;在同一应变速率下,400℃时的Ji值小于500℃时的Ji值;400℃时裂纹扩展比500℃时更快.因此,当温度在400℃附近时更应注意避免超载.
关键词:
断裂韧性
,
null
,
null
周兰花
,
陶东平
,
曾富洪
稀有金属
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-7076.2011.04.011
在求解分子相互作用体积模型(MIVM)中的分子对位能参数B(ij),B(ji)时,为避免出现计算超量问题,基于遗传算法,提出了一种新算法--多个体参与交叉遗传算法,并给出了新算法的实现方案.在新算法中,采用了轮盘选种法与优秀个体保存、多个体参与交叉和多点变异等策略;选择B(ij),B(ji)个体时,按照适应度函数值愈大,个体被选中的概率愈大的原则,选择二元合金溶液中一组元活度的计算值与实验测定值之间偏差(σ)建立的适应度函数f(x)最大为优化目标.采用Matlab软件编制新算法下的B(ij),B(ji)计算程序,并分别求算了Cd-Bi,Cd-Pb,Cd-Sn,Bi-Pb,Bi-Sn,Pb-Sn等6组二元合金溶液在773 K下合金溶液的参数B(ij),B(ji)优化值.由B(ij),B(ji)计算优化值和其他一些资料数据,使用MIVM进一步预测773 K下Cd-Bi-Pb,Cd-Bi-Sn,Cd-Pb-Sn,Cd-Bi-Pb-Sn多元合金溶液中组元Cd的活度,模型预测值与实验测定值之间的相对误差低于4.6%,偏差低于0.022,两者吻合很好.结果表明,所提出的多个体参与交叉遗传算法为求解MIVM中的参数B(ij),B(ji)提供了一种有力工具,从而也能提高MIVM对多元合金溶液中组元活度的预测效果.
关键词:
MIVM模型
,
分子对位能参数Bij
,
Bji
,
遗传算法
,
活度
Jun Gong
材料科学技术（英文）
Aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering at low substrate temperature. A coaxial solenoid coil was placed near the magnetron target to enhance the plasma density (Ji). The enhanced plasma density improved significantly the bulk resistivity (ρ) and its homogeneity in spatial distribution of AZO films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the increased Ji had influenced the crystallinity, stress relaxation and other material properties. The AZO films deposited in low plasma density (LPD) mode showed marked variation in ρ (ranging from ~6.5×10-2 to 1.9×10-3 Ω·cm), whereas those deposited in high plasma density (HPD) mode showed a better homogeneity of films resistivity (ranging from ~1.3×10-3 to 3.3×10-3 Ω·cm) at different substrate positions. The average visible transmittance in the wavelength range of 500−800 nm was over 80%, irrespective of the deposition conditions. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface morphology showed that AZO films deposited in HPD mode were smoother than that in LPD mode. The high plasma density produced by the coaxial solenoid coil improved the electrical property, surface morphology and the homogeneity in spatial distribution of AZO films deposited at low substrate temperature.
关键词:
Sputtering
吴令
,
姜周华
,
龚伟
,
梁连科
金属学报
利用遗传神经网络对正规溶液模型组元交互作用能进行了改进, 使之更接近实际溶液活度模型, 并将其应用于
MnO--SiO2及CaO--Al2O3二元渣系的组元活度计算. 由于实际溶液的性质不同于正规溶液,
在模型对交互作用能
Ω Mn-Si和ΩSi-Mn的计算时发现, Ωij不仅是温度和组成的函数,
而且在相同的温度和组
成时, Ωij≠Ωji. 通过将该模型的计算结果与大量文献数据进行对比研究,
发现该模型具有很强的非线性拟合能力, 能准确地预报实际溶液组元活度值.
关键词:
炉渣
,
Regular solution model
,
activity
,
NN
,
GA
杨艳琴
,
张宏忠
,
王明花
膜科学与技术
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-8924.2008.06.009
采用了一种新颖的改性(Fenton处理)PVDF基体材料的方法,以提高膜的润湿性和耐污染性,并对改性机理做了探讨.结果表明,经Fenton处理后制得的膜亲水性得到了提高,纯水通量由34.6 L/(m2·h)提高到52.3 L/(m2.h),膜表面水接触角由75°降为62.5°,黏附功由91.64 mN/m提高到106.42 mN/m.同时,膜的截留性能也稍有上升,膜的Ji/J0由48.8%提高到69.3%;红外图谱进一步表明,经改性后的膜材料内部接上了丙烯酸(AAc)单体.
关键词:
Fenton试剂
,
聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)
,
改性
,
膜
李铸国
,
华学明
,
吴毅雄
,
三宅正司
金属学报
doi:10.3321/j.issn:0412-1961.2005.10.016
用诱导型等离子体辅助磁控溅射装置在Si(100)表面低温沉积TiN膜,研究了高密度低能量(≈20 eV)离子束辅照对溅射镀TiN膜生长、结构和性能的影响.结果表明,高密度低能离子束辅照会改变TiN膜的择优生长方向并使薄膜致密化.即使沉积温度低于150℃,当入射基板离子数和Ti原子数的比值Ji/JTi≥4.7时,沉积的TiN膜仍可具有完全的(200)面择优生长,薄膜微观结构致密,硬度达到25 GPa,残余压应力小.
关键词:
TiN薄膜
,
物理气相沉积(PVD)
,
择优取向
,
离子照射
吴令
,
姜周华
,
龚伟
,
梁连科
金属学报
doi:10.3321/j.issn:0412-1961.2008.07.006
利用遗传神经网络对正规溶液模型组元交互作用能进行了改进,使之更接近实际溶液活度模型,并将其应用于MnO-SiO2及CaO-Al2O3二元渣系的组元活度计算.由于实际溶液的性质不同于正规溶液,在模型对交互作用能ΩMi-Si和ΩSi-Mn的计算时发现,Ωij不仅是温度和组成的函数,而且在相同的温度和组成时,Ωij≠Ωji.通过将该模型的计算结果与大量文献数据进行对比研究,发现该模型具有很强的非线性拟合能力,能准确地预报实际溶液组元活度值.
关键词:
炉渣
,
正规溶液
,
活度
,
神经网络
,
遗传算法
