Advanced Materials
Popularization of portable electronics and electric vehicles worldwide stimulates the development of energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, toward higher power density and energy density, which significantly depends upon the advancement of new materials used in these devices. Moreover, energy storage materials play a key role in efficient, clean, and versatile use of energy, and are crucial for the exploitation of renewable energy. Therefore, energy storage materials cover a wide range of materials and have been receiving intensive attention from research and development to industrialization. In this Review, firstly a general introduction is given to several typical energy storage systems, including thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, hydrogen, and electrochemical energy storage. Then the current status of high-performance hydrogen storage materials for on-board applications and electrochemical energy storage materials for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors is introduced in detail. The strategies for developing these advanced energy storage materials, including nanostructuring nano-/microcombination, hybridization, pore-structure control, configuration design, surface modification, and composition optimization, are discussed. Finally, the future trends and prospects in the development of advanced energy storage materials are highlighted.
关键词:
lithium-ion batteries;carbon nanotube electrodes;enhanced hydrogen;storage;metal-organic frameworks;double-layer capacitors;n-h system;carbide-derived carbons;ammonia borane dehydrogenation;ordered;mesoporous carbons;high-rate performance
LIU Guoquan Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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University of Science and Technology Beijing
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100083
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China.
材料科学技术（英文）
Quantitative analysis of populations having a geometric structure,which has developed into a special scientific subject called microstructology or stereology,is of great importance to the characterization and evaluation of microstructures and their evolution in various processes.This paper, besides a brief discussion on those topics such as the recent developments of computer assisted image analysis,mathematical morphology,and fractal analysis,will mainly focus on the scope,fundamen- tals,present status,and perspectives of classical stereology.Several case examples of its application to materials science will also be given.
关键词:
stereology
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null
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null
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null
CAI Jiuju
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LU Zhongwu
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YUE Qiang
钢铁研究学报(英文版)
The industrial system should learn from the natural ecosystem. The resource utilization efficiency should be increased and the environmental load should be decreased, depending on the materials recycled in the system. The classification of industrial materials from the viewpoint of largescale recycling was stated. Recycling of materials, on three different levels, was introduced in the industrial system. The metal flow diagram in the life cycle of products, in the case of no materials recycled, materials partially recycled, and materials completely recycled, was given. The natural resource conservation and the waste emission reduction were analyzed under the condition of materials completely recycled. The expressions for the relation between resource efficiency and material recycling rate, and the relation between ecoefficiency and material recycling rate were derived, and the curves describing the relationship between them were protracted. The diagram of iron flow in the life cycle of iron and steel products in China, in 2001, was given, and the iron resource efficiency, material recycling rate, and iron ecoefficiency were analyzed. The variation of iron resource efficiency with the material recycling rate was analyzed for two different production ratios.
关键词:
recycling;industrial material;product life cycle;resource efficiency;ecoefficiency;material recycling rate
Progress in Chemistry
Hydrogen storage is a key to the utility of hydrogen as a renewable energy source The encapsulation of hydrogen on porous materials has its special advantages In this review, the fundamentals of the encapsulation are briefly introduced The relevant porous materials of zeolites, metal coordination compounds, hollow glass microspheres, fullerenes and their derivative, and their characteristics on encapsulation of hydrogen are addressed in details Recent progresses on the studies of the encapsulation of hydrogen on porous materials are summarized The differences between the encapsulation and physical adsorption of hydrogen on porous materials are analyzed based on their required operation conditions, material specifications and energy barriers Finally, the perspectives of the applications and further studies on the encapsulation of hydrogen are discussed
关键词:
hydrogen storage;encapsulation;porous materials;molecular-orbital calculations;hollow glass microspheres;boron-nitride;fullerene;diffusion;zeolites;carbon;gases;frameworks;sodalite
Jom-Journal of the Minerals Metals & Materials Society
Composite materials employ both matrix and reinforcement properties to provide high performance, but they are difficult to design. Biomaterials in nature are composites that provide inspiring examples of completeness and efficiency. Biomimetic analyses and biomimetic design and testing are a new direction in the study of composite materials, In this article, several examples show how biomimetic methods can significantly improve material properties.
关键词:
fracture-toughness;fibers
Masahiko MORINAGA
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Yoshinori MURATA
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Hiroshi YUKAWA
材料科学技术（英文）
A molecular orbital approach to materials design has recently made great progress. This approach is based on the electronic structure calculations by the DV-Xα cluster method. In this paper recent progress in this approach is reviewed. In particular, it is stressed that New PHACOMP approach is useful for predicting the formation of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases (e.g., σ phase and μphase ) in nickel based superalloys. Compared to the current PHACOMP, New PHACOMP provides a better tool for designing those alloys which are free from such TCP precipitates at service temperatures. In addition, the d-electrons concept is shown for alloy design and development.
关键词:
High temperature materials
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null
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null
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null
Ma Junxuan
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Zhou Zhiyu
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Gao Manman
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Yu Binsheng
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Xiao Deming
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Zou Xuenong
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Bünger Cody
材料科学技术（英文）
doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2016.06.002
Biomaterials are increasingly being evolved to actively adapt to the desired microenvironments so as to introduce tissue integration, reconstruct stability, promote regeneration, and avoid immune rejection. The complexity of its mechanisms poses great challenge to current biomimetic synthetic materials. Although still at initial stage, harnessing cells, tissues, or even entire body to synthesize bioadaptive materials is introducing a promising future.
关键词:
Biomaterials
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Bioadaptation
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Tissue integration
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Biosynthesis
Andrej Atrens
材料科学技术（英文）
Corrosion research by Atrens and co-workers has made significant contributions to the understanding of the service performance of engineering materials. This includes: (1) elucidated corrosion mechanisms of Mg alloys, stainless steels and Cu alloys, (2) developed an improved understanding of passivity in stainless steels and binary alloys such as Fe-Cr, Ni-Cr, Co-Cr, Fe-Ti, and Fe-Si, (3) developed an improved understanding of the melt spinning of Cu alloys, and (4) elucidated mechanisms of environment assisted fracture (EAF) of steels and Zr alloys. This paper summarises contributions in the following: (1) intergranular stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels, (2) atmospheric corrosion and patination of Cu, (3) corrosion of Mg alloys, and (4) transgranular stress corrosion cracking of rock bolts.
关键词:
Stress corrosion cracking
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null
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