材料期刊网

R & D OF HYDROGEN ABSORBING ALLOYS IN JAPAN

K. Mii (Sumitomo Metal Industries , Ltd. , 1-t-3 Otemachi , Tokyo 100 , Japan)M Amano (National Research Institute for Metals , 1-2-1 Sengen , Tsukuba 305 , Japan)

金属学报(英文版)

The R & D of hydrogen absorbing alloys in Japan started in the early 1970s.Many alloys such as TiMm1.5 based alloys, Fe-Ti-O alloys (e.g. FeTi1.15 O0.024) andthe(mischmetal)Ni5 based alloys (e.g. MmNi4.5 Cr0.46 Mn0.04) were developed by the early 1980s. The application of these alloys to hydrogen storage, heat storage, heat pump, hydrogen purification and motor vehicles has been tried in many iaboratories,and the various techniques for using hydrogen absorbing alloys have been developed.The standarkization of evaluation methods for hydrogen absorbing alloys has been promoted by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), and four of them were established as Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS).Alloys for Ni-Metal Hydride batteries have been extensively investigated since 1987in Japun. Mm-Ni-Co-Al-Mn alloys (e.g. MmNi3.55 Co0.75Al0.9Mn0.4) have been devel-oped and commereialized since 1990. The amount of production of small-size Ni-MH batteries in 1995 was about three hundred milliion in number and about one hundred billion yen. The R & D for higher enerpy-density Ni-MH batteries is intensively in progress.MITI and STA (Science and Technology Agency) have promoted the R & D of hydro-gen absorbing alloys in Japan by carrying out the national projects such as Sunshine Program (MITI: 1974-1993) and Utilization of Wind Engeray (STA 1980-1985). The New Sunshine Program (MITI 1993-2020) have started in 1993. This program con-tains the application of hydrogen absorbing alloys to Economical- Enerpy- City System and to We-NET (International Clean Energy System of Technology Utilizing Hydro-gen: World Energy Network.

关键词: hydrogen absorbing alloy , null , null , null

THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE NATIONAL LABORATORIES IN MATERIALS RESEARCH

WADSWORTH Jeffrey and FLUSS Michael(Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , CA 94551)

金属学报(英文版)

The role of the National Laboratories is summarized from the era of post World War II to the present time. The U.S. federal government policy for the National Laboratories and its influence on their materials science infrastructure is reviewed with respect to .determining overall research strategies, various initiatives to interact with industry (especially in recent years),building facilities that serve the nation, and developing leading edge research in the materials sciences. Despite reductions in support for research in the U.S. in recent years, and uncertainties regarding the specific policies for Research &Development (R&D) in the U.S., there are strong roles for materials research at the National Laboratories. These roles will be centered on the abilities of the National Laboratories to field multidisciplinary teams, the use of unique cutting edge facilities, a focus on areas of strength within each of the labs,increased teaming and partnerships, and the selection of motivated research areas. It is hoped that such teaming opportunities will include new alliances with China, in a manner similar, perhaps, to those recently achieved between the U.S. and other countries.

关键词: : U.S. Materials Science. U.S. National Laboratories and Facilities , null

Kunming Institute of Precious Metals

WANG Yonglu NING Yuantao Kunming Institute of Precious Metals , Kunming , China.

材料科学技术（英文）

关键词:

Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Ministry of Metallurgical Industry

ZHONG Xiangchong Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research , Luoyang , China.

材料科学技术（英文）

关键词:

Discovery and Research of High Tc Superconductor in the Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica

CHEN Liquan A special member of CCAST (World Laboratory) , Post Address: Institute of Physics , Academia Sinica , P.O. Box. 603. Beijing , China.

材料科学技术（英文）

关键词:

Fusion Equation of Metals

HONC Yongyan Zhejiang Institute of Technology , Hangzhou , China.

材料科学技术（英文）

An expression of initial slope of melting curve of pure metals was obtained as follows: (dT_m/dP)_o=T_(mo)/c, where c=1.09 (N_(at))~(5/3)z~(-1/3), the unit of c is GPa, N_(at) is the atomic concentra- tion (in 10~(28) m~(-3)), z is the valence, T_(mo) is the melting temperature (in k) of metal under one atmosphere. The calculated results for thirty-one metals agree well with experiments. It has also been proved that by using the free electron model of melting, the fusion equation of metals is Simon equation (T_m/T_(mo))q=1+(p/d). Two parameters q and d, which have to fit with experiments in Simon's empirical equation, now can be predicted theoretically, e.g. for Mg, giving q=1.56, d=7.88GPa, the calculated melting curve in a fairly wide pressure range (0～60GPa) is shown to be close to the experimental one.

关键词: melting curve of metals , null

Research on the drawing-up of the pole figure for orientation analysis of directional Si steel sheet

S.H.O

材料科学技术（英文）

The magnetic property of soft magnetic metals and alloys depends strongly on the crystallographic orientation. In automated equipment for orientation research. the intensity for drawing up the pole figure is measured in detail. The present research shows that the accurate pole figure can be drawn up without measuring concretely the intensity. For directional Si steel sheet the measuring step may be 4 similar to 5 degrees. In this paper the experimental equation for defocusing correction was derived from the experimental data in different specimens with random orientation.

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Nanocrystal Model for Liquid Metals and Amorphous Metals

X.L. Tian C.W. Zhan J.X. Hou X.C. Chen J.J. Sun

材料科学技术（英文）

A nanocrystal model for liquid metals and amorphous metals has been developed. With the nanocrystal model, the broadening peak profiles (BPPs) of Cu, Al, Al₆₅Cu₂₀Fe₁₅ alloy, Cu₇₀Ni₃₀ alloy and Fe₅₀Si₅₀ alloy were gained by broadening the X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of a crystal lattice. By comparing the BPPs with the XRD intensity curves measured on the liquid metals, it is found that the BPPs are closely in agreement with the XRD intensity curves, respectively, except the Fe₅₀Si₅₀ alloy. Therefore, the nanocrystal model can be used to determine if the atomic cluster structure of the liquid metal is similar to the structure of its crystal lattice.

关键词: Liquid metal , Atomic Cluster , Structure , Crystal Lattice

MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF SiC_w/6061Al COMPOSITE The Author is now with Institute of Metal Research,Academia Sinica,China

MA Zongyi YAO Zhongkai Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , China

金属学报(英文版)

The SiC_w/Al composite prepared by squeeze casting has a combination of superior room temperature specific strength and modulus together with excellent thermal properties.The extrusion can make an improvement on the strength and ductility of the composite from 582 MPa as squeeze casted up to 639 MPa,and on the transformation from isotropic to the anisotropic structure.This seems to be explained by the orientation of whiskers and the densification of dislocations in matrix.TEM observation indicates that the stacking fault is the usual planar defect on the SiC_w surface. composite;;SiC whisker;;Al alloy;;microstructure

关键词: composite , null , null , null

Twinnability Predication for fcc Metals

B.Q. Li

材料科学技术（英文）

Inherent twinnability of face-centered-cubic (fcc) metals was analyzed based on the direct competition between twinning partial dislocation nucleation and trailing partial dislocation nucleation, with which the twinnability of fcc metals can be simply expressed as function of the stacking-fault energy, the unstable stacking-fault energy, and the unstable twinning-fault energy of fcc metals. The predicted twinnability ranking matched well with former experimental results and provided a physical insight to understand twinnability from crystallographic orientation and fault energy parameters.

关键词: Deformation twinning