R.Noel
,
D. Furrer
,
G. Shen and J. Lemsky(Ladish Co.
,
Inc.
,
P.O. Box 8902
,
Cudahy
,
WI 53110-8902
,
USA Manuscript received 26 Augnst 1996)
金属学报(英文版)
Optimum properties of high temperature superalloys are derived from interactions of the composition,thermomechanical deformation, and heat treatment.Nickel-base alloys contain a variety of alloying elements in a large number of combinations to produce various desired effects. The general characteristics of any specific nickelbase superalloy is determined by composition.The control of the microstructure in wrought processed superalloys can further influence the resultant component properties.The relationship between microstructure and properties is key in advanced design and manufacture of turbine engine components, and requires extensive alloy and process characterization to achieve desired results.Various forging methods have been developed and employed throughout the years to process superalloy components.Hammer forging, Press forging,and advanced isothermal press forging equipment and processes have been designed and manufactured to process speciality metals which often have very narrow processing windows.Combination processes have also been introduced into turbine engine applications,which result in a hybrid of resultant structures and properties.One such speciality,combination process is the Ladish Iso Con process which utilizes isothermal forging and conventional forging to achieve unique properties not matched by any other single process.Ladish utilizes forging presses for conventional forging, hot-die forging and for isothermal forging, in addition to hammers and ring rolling mills for wrought processing.This wide range of equipment allows flexibility in process design and optimization.Variations in temperature, strain and strain rate have been shown to significantly influence resultant grain sizes and microstructures.Tools are being developed to allow forging processes and specific forging parameters to be evaluated and optimized with regard to final microstructure before shop triale are required. Sophisticated finite element method (FEM) models are allowing the design of forging processes on computers rather than by iterative trial and error methods.
关键词:
:forging
,
null
,
null
Physica B-Condensed Matter
The perturbation formula of g factor for 3d(7) ion in cubic octahedral crystals has been obtained from a cluster approach. In the formula, the parameters related to the configuration interaction and the covalency reduction effect can be obtained from the optical spectra of the crystal under study and so no adjustable parameters are applied. From the formula, the g factors for Co2+ in fluoroperovskites LiBaF3, KMBF3, KZnF3 and CsCdF3 are calculated. The calculated results are in agreement with the observed values. The g factor following the order of LiBaF3 : Co2+ < KMgF3 : Co2+ < KZnF3: Co2+ < CsCdF3 : Co2+ is also explained. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词:
electron paramagnetic resonance;crystal- and ligand-field theory;Co2+;LiBaF3;KMgF3;KZnF3;CsCdF3;perovskite;transition;impurities;crystals
孙建波
,
柳伟
,
杨丽颖
,
杨建炜
,
路民旭
金属学报
通过动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)的测试, 研究了高矿化度溶液中矿化
度对J55钢CO2腐蚀电化学行为的影响. 结果表明: 在高矿化度介质中, J55钢的
CO2腐蚀为阴极控制. 随溶液矿化度增大, 腐蚀电位正移, 腐蚀速率先升高, 后
降低, 当矿化度为62.423 g/L时, 腐蚀速率最大. 随溶液矿化度增加, J55钢的
CO2腐蚀由电化学步骤控制转变为传质和电化学步骤混合控制, 并且矿化度越
高, 传质控制越明显. J55钢的电化学阻抗谱呈现3个时间常数, 即高频容抗弧、
低频感抗弧和低频容抗弧. 随溶液矿化度增大, 电荷传递电阻先减小后增大, 在
62.423 g/L左右出现极小值.
关键词:
CO2腐蚀
,
null
,
null
孙建波
,
柳伟
,
杨丽颖
,
杨建炜
,
路民旭
金属学报
doi:10.3321/j.issn:0412-1961.2008.08.018
通过动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)的测试,研究了高矿化度溶液中矿化度对J55钢CO2腐蚀电化学行为的影响.结果表明:在高矿化度介质中,J55钢的CO2腐蚀为阴极控制.随溶液矿化度增大,腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀速率先升高,后降低,当矿化度为62.423 g/L时,腐蚀速率最大.随溶液矿化度增加,J55钢的CO2腐蚀由电化学步骤控制转变为传质和电化学步骤混合控制,并且矿化度越高,传质控制越明显.J55钢的电化学阻抗谱呈现3个时间常数,即高频容抗弧、低频感抗弧和低频容抗弧.随溶液矿化度增大,电荷传递电阻先减小后增大,在62.423 g/L左右出现极小值.
关键词:
CO2腐蚀
,
矿化度
,
J55钢
,
动电位极化
,
电化学阻抗谱
朱世东
,
李金灵
,
杨志刚
,
张世君
,
李辉
,
王珂
,
马海霞
机械工程材料
采用高温高压釜于25～65℃模拟了J55油管在延长油田井下环境中的CO2腐蚀行为,并用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪研究了温度对J55油管CO2腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:J55油管的平均腐蚀速率随着温度的升高而急剧增大,拟合函数较好地预测了腐蚀速率随温度的变化关系;温度的升高加快了Ca2中和Mg2+在膜中的沉积,导致复盐Fe(Ca,Mg)(CO3)2在高温下出现,改变了腐蚀产物膜的结构,使垢下腐蚀加剧.
关键词:
J55油管
,
CO2腐蚀
,
垢下腐蚀
Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung Section a-a Journal of Physical Sciences
This paper presents a cluster approach to the calculation of the g factors for 3d(7) ions in cubic octahedral crystals, in which the parameters related to the configuration interaction and the covalency reduction effects are obtained from optical spectra of the studied crystals, and so no adjustable parameters are applied. From the approach, the g factors for MgO:Co2+ and CaO:Co2+ are calculated. The calculated results show good agreement with the observed values. The experimental values of g < 4.333 (the first order value in absence of configuration and covalency interactions) for MgO:Co2+ and g > 4.333 for CaO:Co2+ are also explained.
关键词:
electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR);crystal-field theory;Co2+ ion;MgO;CaO
张仁勇
,
王霞
,
施岱艳
,
廖芸
,
陈勇彬
,
上官昌淮
材料保护
目前,对石油工业中常用的J55套管膨胀前后的CO2腐蚀规律研究不多.模拟油气田开采环境,采用经典失重法研究了J55套管的平均腐蚀速率及其电化学行为,分析了温度、CO2分压、Cl-浓度等因素对膨胀前后J55套管腐蚀速率的影响.结果表明:J55套管的平均腐蚀速率基本都随着采出液温度、CO2和Cl-浓度的升高而增加;当温度为90℃,CO2分压为2.0 MPa,Cl-浓度为42.83 g/L时,J55套管膨胀后的平均腐蚀速率最大达到4.183 9 mm/a,高于膨胀前的3.700 4 mm/a;膨胀前后J55套管的腐蚀产物均为FeCO3,其阻抗谱中出现了2个时间常数,膨胀后J55套管的腐蚀电流密度增加,腐蚀速率更快.
关键词:
CO2腐蚀
,
电化学行为
,
J55套管
,
膨胀
,
影响因素
,
腐蚀速率
,
腐蚀产物
尹志福
,
杨志刚
,
张永强
,
刘杰
,
顾菁华
材料保护
为了弄清CO2驱油产出水在不同CO2分压下对J55钢管材的腐蚀及水质的变化,利用高压反应釜模拟CO2驱油环境,对不同CO2分压下J55钢在驱油产出水中的腐蚀行为和咪唑啉及改性后的缓蚀剂不同浓度时的缓蚀性能进行了研究,计算了其腐蚀速率及缓蚀效率,分析了腐蚀产物膜的表面形貌,测试了产出水悬浮物含量、总Fe含量及HCO3-浓度.结果表明:J55钢油管的腐蚀速率随CO2分压增大而增大；咪唑啉缓蚀剂对J55钢的缓蚀效率随其浓度的增大而提高,改性咪唑啉的缓蚀效果更佳；悬浮物含量、总Fe含量及HCO3-浓度随缓蚀剂浓度的增大而不断降低.
关键词:
CO2腐蚀
,
CO2分压
,
驱油产出水
,
咪唑啉类缓蚀剂
,
腐蚀产物
,
水质分析
崔岩
,
鲁二敬
,
吴晓明
,
张艳辉
,
吴昊
机械工程材料
通过拉伸、冲击、弯曲、硬度和金相等试验对S355J2G3低合金钢MAG焊焊接接头的力学性能与显微组织进行了研究。结果表明：采用G383G3Sil焊丝对S355J2G3低合金钢进行焊接时，可获得拉伸、弯曲和冲击性能均良好的焊接接头；接头硬度的分布较均匀，最高不大于380HV；焊缝组织为沿柱状晶晶界析出的块状先共析铁素体，晶内为细小密集的针状铁素体和少量珠光体；热影响区组织主要为先共析铁素体、针状铁素体、珠光体和少量的粒状贝氏体；母材为均匀细小分布的铁素体和珠光体。
关键词:
S355J2G3低合金钢
,
焊接接头
,
力学性能
,
显微组织
