以对羟基苯甲醛的钠盐为亲核取代试剂,采用相转移催化进行了大分子氯甲基聚苯乙烯的亲核取代反应,将其转变为侧链带有功能性基团醛基的聚苯乙烯; 考察了反应条件(如有机溶剂的极性、催化剂种类及用量、有机相与水相之比等)对大分子相转移催化反应的影响,并根据相转移催化反应机理与相关的动力学规律进行了分析. 结果表明,通过相转移催化亲核取代反应,可将氯甲基聚苯乙烯大分子链上的氯原子转化,制得侧链带有醛基的聚苯乙烯; 溶剂的极性越强,负离子的反应活性也越高; 催化剂季铵正离子的亲脂性越强,相转移催化反应的速率越快. 当催化剂浓度较低时,四丁基溴化铵比十六烷基溴化铵的催化效果好; 当催化剂浓度较高时,十六烷基溴化铵比四丁基溴化铵的催化效果好. 另外,有机相与水相之比对相转移催化反应有较大的影响.
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