以9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、磷腈为基础单元合成阻燃剂六(4-DOPO羟甲基苯氧基)环三磷(DOPOMPC),将其与聚磷酸铵(APP)复配添加至环氧树脂(EP)制备出阻燃复合材料(DOPOMPC/APP/EP).为进一步提高阻燃环氧树脂的阻燃及力学性能,添加不同质量分数的蒙脱土(MMT)制出新型阻燃环氧树脂材料(DOPOMPC/APP/MMT/EP).通过极限氧指数(LOI)、水平燃烧、锥形量热、扫描电子显微镜观察等方法研究了蒙脱土与DOPOMPC的协同效应.实验结果表明,EP4(10% DOPOMPC/10% APP/3% MMT/77% EP)各项燃烧参数得到了最佳改善,复合材料综合表现最优.其中LOI值达到38.2%;热释放速率峰值较未经MMT处理的阻燃复合材料EP1(10%DOPOMPC/10% APP/EP)下降了29.1%;比消光面积平均值和一氧化碳释放率平均值分别降低了72.7%和65.5%;火势增长指数、发烟指数和毒性气体生成速率指数较EP1降幅分别达到38.2%、13.1%和34.0%;拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度比EP1分别提高了25.4%、12.7%和1.97倍,呈现出良好的阻燃、抑烟、抑毒性能.炭层宏观和微观形貌表明,添加MMT的阻燃材料在燃烧初期能够形成更致密、坚硬的优质炭层.
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