7050铝合金厚板是飞机的主体结构材料,其高向性能大的差异是材料应用的技术瓶颈.为寻求减小材料高向性能差异的技术途径,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、常温拉伸实验,对比研究了单级、双级固溶处理对200 mm厚7050铝合金超厚板高向组织与力学性能的影响.研究表明:在热轧态板材中,1/4厚层与中心层含有大量粗大S相与Al7Cu2Fe相；单级固溶处理所得的厚板中仍有很多未溶的第二相,时效后抗拉强度在1/4厚层最低,强度沿板材厚度方向先降低后升高再降低；双级固溶处理后大量AlZnMgCu相与S相的溶解使各厚度层的第二相百分数均显著下降,其中1/4厚层的第二相百分数由2.45％下降到0.51％,时效后的抗拉强度达到561MPa,比单级固溶提高了12.5％;双级固溶处理后板材的中心层抗拉强度最低.双级固溶提高了厚板的整体力学性能,同时高向性能差异减小.
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