采用粉末冶金方法制备石墨铜复合材料(Gra./Cu)和碳纳米管铜复合材料(CNTs/Cu),研究2种铜基复合材料的真空电弧截流现象和阴极斑点特性.结果表明,与Gra./Cu相比,CNTs/Cu在真空放电过程中电弧更加稳定,且分散性好,截流值小；在正对阳极处CNTs/Cu的真空电弧烧蚀坑明显比Gra./Cu的细小,灼痕直径约为0.1～5 μm,分布面积也较小,而Gra./Cu的灼痕直径为10～100 μm;两者的相同之处在于,在电击穿过程中阴极斑点的运动呈一种随机的、突变式的跳跃,而且选择性发生在Cu相上,Cu相被消耗.总之,CNTs/Cu比Gra./Cu具有更高的耐电弧烧蚀能力,CNTs的加入可以有效地增加铜基复合材料的电弧稳定性和降低截流值.
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