以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,采用酸碱两步催化溶胶-凝胶法和CO2超临界干燥技术成功制备出完整的厘米级SiO2气凝胶球体.当配比条件为TEOS∶ EtOH∶ H2O=1∶10∶4时制备的SiO2气凝胶球体具有典型的纳米多孔网络结构.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、孔径分布及比表面积测试仪(BET)、纳压痕技术对SiO2气凝胶球体的表面形貌、内部结构、化学成分、比表面积、孔径分布及力学性能进行研究分析.研究表明:低温有利于制备出完整的厘米级SiO2气凝胶球体.随着凝胶温度的增加,SiO2气凝胶球体样品的收缩率逐渐增加,而孔隙率和比表面积逐渐减小.当凝胶温度为-5℃时,厘米级SiO2气凝胶球体样品的平均孔径为24.8 nm,孔体积为4.9 m3/g,比表面积高达1004.38 m2/g,密度为0.104g/cm3,收缩率约为16.2％,孔隙率约为95.3％,弹性模量和硬度最大分别为8.79 MPa与5.24 MPa.
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