将18Cr10NiNb耐热钢在650℃进行10,000h的时效试验,用扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了18Cr10NiNb奥氏体耐热钢的组织,通过热力学计算研究了500-1400℃碳、铌和氮含量的变化对平衡析出相的影响.结果表明:在18Cr10NiNb钢的时效过程中在晶内析出了富Nb的MX相,在晶界析出了富Cr的M23C6相.根据热力学计算,其平衡析出相为MX,M23C6和σ相.MX相和M23C6型碳化物的最高溶解温度分别约为1340℃和840℃.MX相的数量随C和Nb含量的提高而增加.σ相的数量随着C含量的提高而减少.添加0.2%的N元素后,MX相为含有N,Nb,Cr和少量C的复杂碳氮化物,且在其平衡组织中出现了Cr2N相.
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