微合金化是提高铝合金性能的重要途径,控制微量元素的种类和含量,充分发挥微量元素的作用是当前铝合金研究的主要方向之一.大量研究表明:廉价的Er能够起到有效的微合金化作用,Er元素在铝合金中可形成纳米级Al3Er强化相,并可通过与Zr复合作用形成Al3(ZrxEr1-x)复合相,比Al3Sc相具有更好的热稳定性,从而可以改善铝合金组织,大幅度提高铝合金的强度或塑性、明显抑制铝合金的再结晶以提高其耐热性,改善其综合性能.本文作者针对微合金化元素Er在铝合金中析出Al3Er相及Al3(ZrEr1-x)复合相的过程及其对合金组织和性能的影响机理,以及Er微合金化在几类工业合金体系中的作用,介绍含铒铝合金的最新研究进展.
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