用DEFORM-3D有限元软件对闭孔泡沫铝的压缩行为进行模拟，探讨不同孔隙率和孔径对压缩力学特性的影响，研究孔隙率、孔径对能量吸收和吸能效率的影响。结果表明：在准静态条件下，闭孔泡沫铝的压缩过程存在线弹性阶段、塑性平台阶段和致密化阶段；闭孔泡沫铝的抗压缩能力、吸收能力随着孔隙率的减小而增强；当孔隙率为50%，孔径分别为1.0、2.0、3.0 mm，孔径对闭孔泡沫铝的压缩性能和吸能性能影响不大；将理想吸能效率曲线和吸能效率曲线结合可以选择合适的缓冲材料，并发挥其最好吸能特性。
Compression behavior of closed-cell aluminum foam was simulated by finite element software DEFORM-3D. The effects of different porosities and cell size on the compressive mechanical responses,energy absorption and energy absorption efficiency of closed-cell aluminum foam were discussed. Results show that the quasi-static compressive process of closed-cell aluminum foam is characterized by three deformation stages:linear elastic stage,plastic platform stage and densification stage. The anti compressive capacity and energy absorption capacity of closed-cell aluminum foam increase with the decrease of porosity. When the porosity of aluminum foam is 50%and the cell size is 1.0,2.0,3.0 mm,the cell size has no obvious effects on the mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristic. The combination of ideal energy absorption efficiency curves and energy absorption efficiency curve can contribute to selecting a suitable buffer material and showing its best energy absorption characteristics.
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