利用超声波将经表面预处理的纳米氧化锡锑(ATO)粒子均匀分散到聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶液中,与正丁醛缩合反应,原位法制备了一系列纳米ATO/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)复合材料.采用FTIR、UV/VIS/NIR、TG、TEM及AFM等对所制备的原位纳米ATO/PVB复合材料的结构、微观形貌及性能进行了研究.结果表明:在合成PVB树脂的阶段添加少量纳米ATO粒子,能更均匀地分散在PVB基质中,所制备的复合材料薄膜的紫外线及近红外光透过率大幅度下降,而可见光透过率降低幅度较小,且随纳米ATO用量增加,紫外屏蔽及隔热性能不断提高.在纳米ATO用量(与PVB质量比为2.76％)较低时,纳米ATO/PVB复合材料的力学性能尤其韧性得到明显提高,断裂伸长率达到纯PVB的7.3倍;在ATO与PVB质量比为1.74％时,可见光透过率高于70％,紫外光透过率低于10％,近红外光热辐射透过率低于28％,导热系数为0.23 W(m·K)-1,与纯PVB相比,用纳米ATO/PVB复合材料胶膜所制盖板的隔热空腔内温度下降5.5℃,具有良好的透明度、紫外屏蔽及隔热性能.
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