随着传统硅基电子器件的发展日趋受限,以原子和分子作为电子元器件的研究受到了越来越多的重视.概述了分子电子器件的概念和基本原理,详细介绍了分子导线、分子二极管、分子开关、分子存储器件和分子场效应晶体管的工作原理及最近的研究进展.具有π-共轭结构的有机分子体系是构造分子导线的理想单元;分子结的电子结构不对称性是分子具有整流特性的根本原因;轮烷和索烃是构造分子开关的理想单元之一;分子场效应晶体管的工作原理是量子隧穿,主要是金属-绝缘体-金属间的隧穿效应.最后阐述了目前分子电子器件研究中存在的主要问题.
With the current down-sizing of conventional silicon-based electronics approaching to the physical limit, the idea of using single atoms or molecules as functional electronic devices has recently received more and more attentions. In this paper, the concept and principle of molecular electronics are briefly introduced and the recent progress of molecular wires, molecular rectifiers, molecular switches, molecular memories, and molecular field effect transistors are respectively described in detail. The organic molecules with π-conjugated structure are ideal structural units for molecular wires. The asymmetric electronic structure of the molecular junctions is the basic reason for molecular rectification. Rotaxanes and eatenanes are ideal structural units for molecular switches. The operation principle of molecular field effect transistors is quantum tunneling, the metal/insulator/mental tunneling is mainly. Finally, the main problems of the present research on molecular electronics are discussed.
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