通过介绍在气体和液体介质中激光与固体材料相互作用的过程,评述了激光在不同介质中发生物理化学现象的差异.与气相中相比,激光冲蚀液体中固体材料产生的气态等离子区受到了液体限制,在该区域会产生更高的气态密度、温度和压力,适合于亚稳相纳米晶的合成.同时评述了激光制备碳基纳米材料的进展.激光在气相和液相中均可制得碳纳米管,气相中适于制备结构完整的碳纳米管,而液相中有利于纳米金刚石的合成.激光冲蚀液体中的石墨靶制备的纳米金刚石粒径较大,辐照石墨悬浮液工艺不仅可以获得超细的纳米金刚石还可以获得线型碳.激光法制备的碳基纳米材料具有尺寸小、纯度高和形状多样性,在未来有着广泛的潜在应用价值.
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