用非晶原位晶化法制备纳米陶瓷可克服粉末烧结法中组成不均匀、存在残留气孔和晶粒在烧结过程中快速长大等难题,具有对起始原料的粒度要求不高、晶相含量、结晶形貌和晶粒尺寸可控等优点.本文以天然矿物和工业废渣为主要原料,将粗的原料在1350～1550℃高温下熔融为均质的玻璃体,成型并退火后在适宜的热处理制度下进行核化和晶化,获得了组成均匀、结构致密、晶粒尺寸在纳米或亚微米级的陶瓷材料.结果表明:以CaF2为晶核剂可获得具有球状纳米级晶粒的显微结构,主晶相为硅灰石(β-CaSiO3)和透辉石(CaMg(SiO3)2);加入钢渣和高炉渣可得到具有针柱状结晶的微晶陶瓷,其显微硬度超过12 GPa,弯曲强度达366 MPa:引入10%和15%ZrO2的Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2系玻璃经1200℃晶化处理后具有显著不同的显微结构.
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