提出采用横向预置挤压载荷进行随焊同步防止铝合金薄板焊接热裂纹的新方法.对处于脆性温度区间的焊缝金属施加一适当的横向挤压载荷,可以减小焊缝金属凝固收缩时产生的横向拉伸应力和应变,使其总应变被限制在最低延性值范围内,改变了热裂纹产生的力学条件.建立横向预置压应力模型、采用弹塑性有限元方法阐明横向预置应力法防止热裂纹的原理,在自制的装置上对常规焊和横向预置压应力工艺条件下焊接试件裂纹率进行比较分析.鱼骨状裂纹试验结果表明:在加载宽度一定时,随着预置载荷的增加,在焊缝处产生的挤压应力也随之增加,裂纹率和裂纹长度逐渐降低,当横向预置压应力达到一定数值(0.3σ0.2)后,能够完全防止焊接热裂纹的产生.
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