以不可逆单级多单元热电制冷机为研究对象，综合考虑热电单元内部效应、热电单元尺寸、热电材料物性随温度变化的特性、外部有限速率传热不可逆性，建立了较完备的有限时间热力学模型。在有限速率传热、有限尺寸（给定换热器总热导率、热电单元总数等）约束下，同步优化工作电流、热电单元尺寸和换热器热导率分配，得到装置的最大制冷率，并分析了重要参数对最大制冷率及最优变量的影响，所得结果可为热电制冷机设计提供指导。
A relatively complete finite time thermodynamic model of an irreversible single-stage multi-element thermoelectric refrigerator is established considering inner effect, size of thermoelectric elements, temperature dependence of thermoelectric material, and irreversibility of external finite rate heat transfer. Under the constraints of finite rate heat transfer and finite size (fixed total heat conductance of heat exchangers and total number of thermoelectric elements), the maximum cooling load of the device is obtained by optimizing the electrical current, size of thermoelectric elements and allocation of thermal conductance of heat exchangers. The effects of major parameters on the maximum cooling load and corresponding optimal variables are analyzed. The results obtained can provide guidelines for design of thermoelectric refrigerators.
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