太阳能电池是将太阳能直接转化为电能的装置,也是有效利用太阳能最佳途径之一.作为一种绿色能源,尤其是在核电安全问题面临挑战的今天,太阳能电池被认为是解决能源衰竭和环境污染等一系列重大问题的最佳选择.目前,许多国家正在制订中长期太阳能开发计划,准备在21世纪大规模开发太阳能.当前研究最多同时在生产应用的最广泛的当数硅太阳能电池(如单晶硅、多晶硅、非晶硅等).通过对各类硅太阳能电池的性能、工艺、转化效率以及制备方法等方面作比较并讨论了它们各自性能的优劣,最后结合当前国内外工业化生产状况,对硅太阳能电池研究现状和各自的最新进展作了比较详细的综述,并简要讨论了硅太阳能电池研究和生产上的前景及趋势.
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