为满足钢铁工业对碳复合耐火材料低碳化的要求,发挥膨胀石墨在耐火材料中吸收热应力和碳纳米管增强增韧的协同作用,本工作采用通过在膨胀石墨表面负载催化剂,催化裂解酚醛树脂形成碳纳米管.主要研究了热处理温度、催化剂种类和含量等因素对膨胀石墨表面形成碳纳米管的影响.结果表明:以柠檬酸为络合剂,在膨胀石墨表面分别负载铁、钴、镍的硝酸盐催化剂,800 ～ 1100℃均能催化裂解酚醛树脂形成碳纳米管,在900℃氮气气氛下热处理负载2wt％的Ni(NO3)2·6H2O催化剂的膨胀石墨时碳纳米管生长最好;在负载催化剂的膨胀石墨表面形成碳纳米管符合“顶端生长”机制.
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