利用模拟不锈钢直薄壁件沉积过程中热应力场的计算结果,分析了直薄壁件产生的“圣诞树”台阶和基板的变形特征. 分析结果说明, “圣诞树”台阶产生的原因是激光束扫描路径的起点与终点处温度场特征的不同和熔池温度的差别. 基板的翘曲变形仅产生在基板上有沉积材料的部位, 基板的左、右端部产生刚性位移. 基板端部位移的实验测量与有限元计算结果相符合, 证明了分析温度场和热应力场的有限元模型的正确性.
Abstract. RP/M is an advance technology based on build-up and discrete idea, and Laser direct deposition by coaxially feeding the powders to laser melting pool is a RM technology in general use. It is a major attention problem in the researches on this technology that the distortion occurring in the depositing process, particularly in the substrate. The characteristics on the substrate distortion and “Christmas tree step” occurring in the depositing process of vertical thin wall samples of 316L stainless steel are analyzed by use of results simulating the thermal stress field in this paper. The analysis results have explained that varied temperature field and dissimilar temperature of melted pool at the position of the start point and end point of laser scanning paths cause the “Christmas tree step”. The distortion of the substrate only occur in the region on which 316L stainless steel have been deposited, and there is the rigidity displacement at the left end and right end. It has demonstrated the finite element models simulating the temperature field and the thermal stress field that the test results to measure the rigidity displacement are agreement with simulating results of finite element.
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