含金属钌的物料难于溶解,如何将其转入溶液是钌冶金、化学中的难题.综述了目前在用的各种钌物料的溶解方法,并对其优缺点进行了分析.熔融法、氯化法和预处理活化-溶解法是目前生产中的常用方法,可以处理批量物料,但存在溶样时间长、环境污染大和引入新的杂质等不足;电化学溶解操作简便、不引入污染,但溶解效率不高;碱性加压、酸性加压、微波消解和臭氧溶解等技术溶解速度快、引入杂质少,但是对设备和容器耐高温、高压、强腐蚀的要求很高,还难于实现批量物料的溶解.
Ruthenium-containing material is difficult to be dissolved, and how to transfer it into the solution remains to be a big challenge in ruthenium metallurgy. The dissolution methods used in a variety of ruthenium material are introduced, and the respective advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. Melting, chlorination and pre-activated dissolution are three commonly used techniques for handling bulk materials, but they have disadvantages of requiring a long dissolving time, causing environmental pollution and introducing undesired impurities. Electrochemical dissolution, as a method known to produce less pollution, does not have enough dissolving rate. As for other dissolution methods, such as the pressurized alkalization, the pressurized acidification, the microwave digestion and ozone oxidation, although they are able to dissolve the material effectively, the dissolving containers are required to have enough resistance to high temperature, high pressure and high-corrosion environment. Moreover, these method are not applicable to the treatment of bulk material.
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