A lead-free solder composite was prepared by adding ZrO2 nanopowders in eutectic Sn-Ag alloy. Microstructural features and microhardness properties of those solders with different ZrO2 nanopowder fraction were examined. Results indicate that the addition of ZrO2 nanopowders reduced the size of β-Sn grains and restrained the formation of bulk Ag3Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) due to the adsorption effect of the ZrO2 particles. The Vicker's hardness of the obtained lead-free solder composites fits well with the Hall-Petch relationship. The refinement of β-Sn grains favors to improve the microhardness of composite solders.
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