以硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和纳米镍粉为主要原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2包覆镍核壳结构纳米复合粒子.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)、X射线能量色散分析谱仪(EDS)和振动试样磁强计(VSM)等测试手段对样品的晶体结构、形貌、组成元素和磁学性能等特征进行了表征.结果表明:SiO2以非晶态的形式包覆在纳米镍粒子表面,形成了明显的核壳结构,降低了纳米粉体的团聚现象.颗粒大多呈球形或椭球形,粒径分布在20～ 80 nm范围,平均粒径为30nm,镍粒子外碳层的厚度为4～6 nm.包覆后的粉体由于SiO2的存在,饱和磁化强度与剩磁比纳米镍粉降低,矫顽力升高.
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