外墙外保温材料的阻燃设计已成为建筑安全发展的重要趋势,本文采用溶胶-凝胶法,以硅灰为原料,对比研究了NaOH(2 mol/L,3 mol/L,4 mol/L和5 mol/L),KOH(2 moL/L,3 mol/L,4 mol/L和5 moL/L)和Na2SiO3(1 mol/L,1.5 mol/L,2 mol/L和2.5 mol/L)以及它们二者混合所制备硅灰基涂料的阻燃性能.结果表明,以KOH(2 mol/L)和Na2SiO3(1 mol/L)为化学活化剂时阻燃效果最佳,其可使EPS的极限氧指数可达38.6％,燃烧性能达到UL-94 V0级别;并提出了KOH和Na2SiO3对硅灰的协同反应原理,SEM结果证实其有助于硅灰发展成结构更加致密的无定型硅质层,热重-差式量热结果表明该硅灰基涂料具有良好的热稳定性;XRD和FT-IR结果表明在碱性环境下硅灰结构发生了“解聚-重组”,所制备涂料在燃烧过程中可将EPS中有毒的Cl元素固化为NaCl.
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