从变形机理出发建立了双相金属材料的应力应变关系物理模型,研究了晶粒尺寸、相体积分数对材料应力应变的影响.以马氏体-铁素体双相钢为模型钢,定量计算并分析了宏观变形条件下马氏体(硬相)和铁素体(软相)的微观应力应变分配情况.结果表明,模拟的结果与实验很好吻合.体积分数及晶粒尺寸对材料中的各组成相的应力、应变分配有重要影响.随着硬相体积分数的增加,硬、软相的应力分配比逐渐降低;在较低宏观应变下硬相处于弹性变性阶段,较高的硬相体积分数具有较高应变分配比,但是随着宏观应变的增加,硬相开始塑性变形,应变比逐渐降低并最终趋于恒定,较高的硬相体积分数具有较小应变比恒定值.在体积分数一定的情况下,增大硬相的相对晶粒尺寸有助于材料的整体塑性增加,而减小硬相的相对晶粒尺寸有助于材料的整体强度提高.只有控制并调整软硬相的晶粒尺度在适当的范围内,才能更好地发挥出各组成相的潜力.
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