用浇铸法制备了不同含量D101型聚苯乙烯大孔树脂颗粒改性的聚氨酯(PU)/环氧树脂(EP) (D101/PU-EP)弹性体复合材料声学试样,并研究了该材料的水声吸声性能.基于等效夹杂原理的含涂层空心球复合泡沫材料的模量预测模型,计算了D101/PU-EP弹性体复合材料的体积模量和剪切模量.根据计算模量和声学模型,采用传递矩阵法对D101/PU-EP弹性体复合材料的水声性能进行了仿真,得到了D101大孔树脂颗粒的添加量以及梯度结构对该复合材料水声性能的影响规律.运用水声材料声脉冲管系统测试了复合材料的水声声学性能(管中测试,水背衬).研究结果表明:D101大孔树脂颗粒能够有效改善PU-EP弹性体的水声吸声性能,三层梯度结构的D101/PU-EP弹性体复合材料的吸声性能(D101树脂含量10％,平均吸声系数0.53,最大吸声系数0.64)优于同组成的单层复合材料(D101树脂含量10％,平均吸声系数0.46,最大吸声系数0.52).算例验证表明,D101/PU-EP弹性体复合材料的水声性能测试结果与仿真结果基本吻合.
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