针对热交换法蓝宝石晶体各生长阶段的温场、流场和热应力进行数值模拟研究,并讨论了上部保温层结构、热交换器内管高度对晶体生长的影响.结果表明:长晶初期,固液界面呈椭球形;等径阶段,固液界面平坦,晶体与坩埚壁不接触;长晶后期,中心轴向晶体生长速率增加,晶体中心首先冒出熔体液面.随晶体高度增加,熔体对流由初期的两个涡胞变为等径阶段的一个涡胞,最大对流速度量级为10-3 m/s.晶体中最大热应力分布在晶体底部,热应力分布呈W型.增加炉体上部保温层,长晶后期固液界面变得平坦;降低热交换器内管高度,有利于降低晶体底部热应力.
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