分析了与纳米粒子在固体基质表面的吸附机理相关的问题,综述了一些纳米粒子在固体基质表面上的吸附.通过控制纳米粒子和固体基质的组成,对纳米粒子和固体基质表面进行修饰等,可以使溶液中的纳米粒子靠静电作用、疏水作用、络合作用、氢键、磁性作用、粒子之间的毛细作用等在固体基质表面上吸附.在纳米粒子吸附的过程中,水力作用对吸附有重要影响.纳米粒子被固体基质表面吸附的可逆性一般较差.结合吸附机理分析了金纳米粒子在无机和有机固体基质表面上的吸附、铂纳米粒子在聚电解质表面上的吸附、带正电的发光纳米粒子在纤维上的吸附、磁性纳米粒子在磁性基质上的吸附以及量子点在藻细胞上的吸附等.在上述分析的基础上展望了纳米粒子在固体基质表面上吸附的研究方向.
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