由于工艺特殊性,一些陶瓷材料中不可避免地存在孔隙、夹杂等缺陷,且孔隙、夹杂大多分布不均匀,而这种不均匀性对陶瓷材料力学性能有较大影响.根据分布不均匀性特点,以陶瓷材料中孔隙分布为例,定义了均匀度对孔隙分布的不均匀性进行量化,提出了利用图像处理确定均匀度的方法.根据图像处理结果,将材料分为富含孔隙的等效基体相和不含孔隙的等效颗粒相,利用相互作用直推估计(IDD)法研究了材料强度随均匀度的变化关系.结果表明:孔隙分布均匀度对材料强度有较大影响,孔隙分布的均匀度越小,材料强度越低,并且在均匀度低于0.2时造成强度的剧烈降低,当均匀度大于0.5时,对材料强度的影响很小.
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