以商业聚酰亚胺树脂为前驱体,经过静电纺丝和一步炭化制备出富含氮原子的纳米炭纤维,采用扫描电镜、低温氮吸附和XPS等手段对纳米炭纤维的结构进行表征,考察不同炭化温度下纳米炭纤维的孔结构与表面含氮官能团的演变。结果显示,所得聚酰亚胺纤维经过一步高温处理便可得到微孔发达且富含氮原子的纳米炭纤维。随着炭化温度的升高,纳米炭纤维的比表面积与氮含量均逐渐降低。700℃炭化得到的纳米炭纤维的比表面积达到447 m2/g、纤维平均直径为234 nm、表面氮含量达到4.1%。将所得纳米炭纤维直接用作超级电容器电极,采用循环伏安法、恒流充放电和交流阻抗对其电化学性能进行考察。所得富氮纳米炭纤维表现出优异的电容量和表面电化学活性,其比电容达到214 F/g,单位比表面的电容量达到0.57 F/m2。
Nitrogen-enriched porous carbon nanofibers were prepared from a commercial polyimide resin by electrospinning, fol-lowed by carbonization. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption and X-ray photoelec-tron spectroscopy. As-prepared carbon nanofibers were directly used as a supercapacitor electrode, and their electrochemical per-formance was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The evolution of the porous structure and the surface nitrogen-containing functionality of the carbon nanofibers with carbonization temperature was also investigated. Results showed the carbon nanofibers with developed micropores and enriched with nitrogen were obtained by car-bonization of polyimide nanofibers. Both the specific surface area and surface nitrogen content decreased gradually with the carboni-zation temperature. The carbon nanofibers obtained at 700 ℃ had the highest specific surface area of 447 m2/g, a fiber diameter of 234 nm and a nitrogen content of 4. 1%. They also exhibited a specific capacity of 214 F/g or 0. 57 F/m2 .
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