采用超临界流体沉积法,以无机盐Cu(NO3)2为前驱物,超临界CO2为溶剂,乙醇为共溶剂,在压力20 MPa左右、温度50℃条件下将Cu(NO3)2沉积到SBA-15介孔分子筛的孔道中.反应完成后,用氢气对前驱物进行还原,得到纳米线和纳米颗粒Cu/SBA-15复合材料.用透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对Cu/SBA-15复合材料进行表征,发现在SBA-15孔道内部填充了Cu纳米线和分散的Cu纳米颗粒.Cu纳米线平均直径为6 nm,长度为几纳米到几微米,并且沿着孔道生长,能够随着孔道发生弯曲;Cu纳米粒子的平均尺寸为3.2 nm,高度分散.间时,实验中还发现,通过控制反应条件,能够控制复合材料中纳米结构的形貌(纳米线或者纳米颗粒).实验结果表明,超临界流体沉积法是制备担载型复合材料的有效方法.选择合适的共溶剂可以用超临界CO2溶解无机盐,并可以通过控制反应条件,控制所制备的复合材料中纳米结构的形貌.
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