采用溶胶-凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥技术制备了SiO2气凝胶,系统地考察了醇硅比、水硅比、体系pH值等制备条件对SiO2气凝胶胶凝时间、孔径分布及孔型结构的影响.结果表明,水硅比对气凝胶的孔径分布和孔型具有较大的影响;水用量增加.胶凝时间延长,气凝胶的孔径分布逐渐变窄,孔型趋于一致.乙醇不参与溶胶-凝胶反应,只对TEOS有助溶和稀释的作用,因此乙醇用量增加,溶胶的胶凝时间延长,但对体系反应的影响相对较小,不会引起气凝胶孔结构的剧烈改变.在较小pH值或弱碱性范围内,pH值对孔形结构的影响也比较小,体系pH值增大,胶凝时间缩短,制得的气凝胶孔径分布较窄,孔型均一.当pH值大于8.5后,不利于气凝胶网络结构的形成和均匀分布,胶凝时间随pH值的增大而延长,制备的气凝胶孔径和孔型分布都比较大.
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