为了确定Cz单晶硅生长各种驱动力对熔体对流及固/液界面形状的影响,利用CGSim软件,对典型的Cz单晶硅生长中的熔体对流进行数值模拟.研究了重力、表面张力、平流力、晶转、埚转和氩气剪切力等各种驱动力的大小对熔体对流涡胞、涡胞强度、界面形状、温度分布的影响.结果表明:各种驱动力对熔体对流的影响大小依次为:浮力>表面张力>晶转力>氩气剪切力>埚转力>平流力;浮力和表面张力使熔体产生一沿坩埚壁上升、从固/液界面附近下降的涡胞,晶转力和氩气剪切力使熔体产生与前面反方向的涡胞,而埚转力产生多个不同流向的对流涡胞,使熔体混合更加均匀,熔体凝固引起的平流力对熔体对流影响不大;增大埚转,熔体中涡胞数量更多、对流换热更充分、温度梯度更小、熔体内的最高温度更低,有利于减少石英坩埚氧的熔解,但界面更向下凹;增大晶转,熔体内的最高温度无明显变化;固定埚转Ωc=-10 r/min,晶转存在一临界值Ωs(C)=60~ 80 r/min,当Ωs<Ωs(C)时,增大晶转,固/液界面更向上凹,当Ωs>Ωs(C)时,增大晶转,固/液界面更向下凹.
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