以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)为基质,用戊二醛(GA)做交联剂,将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)交联到羧甲基纤维素上制得聚乙烯亚胺-羧甲基纤维素吸附剂(PEI-CMC).采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱对PEI-CMC的结构进行了表征,测定了其对Cu2+、Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附性能,并研究了pH值、时间、金属离子的初始浓度对吸附的影响.结果表明,当CMC、PEI和GA的反应比为1 g∶5 mL∶20 mL,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为3h时,合成的PEI-CMC的含氮量为13.23％.当CMC和PEI的反应比为1 g∶5 mL时,随着戊二醛(质量分数2.5％)的加入量增加,PEI-CMC的产率先增大后降低.在pH值1～14的范围内,溶液酸碱度的变化对PEI-CMC的交联度没有影响.PEI-CMC吸附剂对Cu2、pb2+和Cd2+的吸附量在实验范围内随pH升高而增加.PEI-CMC对pb2+和Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附在90 min和180m in后分别达到平衡,吸附动力学符合准二级反应动力学模型.随着Cu2+、Pb2+和Cd2+初始浓度的增加,PEI-CMC对Cu2+、pb2+和Cd2+的吸附量开始时快速增加,而后达到饱和,吸附等温数据符合Freundlich模型,最大吸附容量分别为Cu2+250.0 mg/g、Pb2+ 635.9mg/g、Cd2+ 142.8mg/g.
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