以玉米淀粉为碳源,利用其凝胶化性质,综合采用常压冰冻、真空冷冻干燥和高温炭化技术成功制备出三维网状结构炭质整体材料.研究玉米淀粉凝胶化工艺,如玉米淀粉浓度和电解质乙酸镍浓度对淀粉海绵前驱体和三维网状炭质整体材料形貌和结构的影响.结果发现:经过凝胶化处理,玉米淀粉的结晶度降低,结晶区的特征衍射峰完全消失；淀粉海绵前驱体和三维网状结构炭质整体材料的形貌和结构与淀粉浓度和电解质乙酸镍浓度密切相关,三维网状结构淀粉海绵前驱体形成的适宜淀粉质量浓度为10％,掺乙酸镍淀粉海绵前驱体三维网状结构形成的适宜乙酸镍浓度为0.1 mol/L;乙酸镍具有调变三维网状结构炭质整体材料宏观体积和孔结构的功能,可使三维网状结构炭质整体材料的宏观体积收缩近80％,贯通的大孔结构转变成封闭孔结构.
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