农作物秸秆是一类重要的可再生生物质资源,却长期未得到重视和开发利用；测定和分析其中的有用成分,有助于实现其环保化高附加值利用.研究了产于成都平原地区的水稻、小麦、油菜等几种农作物秸秆不同部位的主要成分,发现不仅秸秆种类,而且同一种秸秆的不同部位,其纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等主要成分含量都存在较大差异；杆部(直杆部位)纤维素含量较高,而穗部的半纤维素和木质素含量较高.其中,油菜秸秆中纤维素含量最高(杆部达52.99％),小麦秸秆次之(杆部达51.16％),且随部位不同差异明显,水稻秸秆中纤维素含量相对较低(杆部为39.69％)；小麦秸秆中半纤维素含量最高(穗部达28.41％),水稻秸秆次之(穗部为24.81％),油菜秸秆最低(油菜籽壳中为18.34％)；不同种类的秸秆中木质素含量不同,其中油菜秸秆(油菜籽壳中为22.06％)和小麦秸秆(穗部为23.89％)较低,而水稻秸秆含量较高(穗部为25.22％).通过对分析方法的建立,可快速得到不同秸秆及秸秆不同部位主要组分含量的信息,可用以指导组分的有效分离和高值化利用.
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