研究复杂硫化铜矿中铜铅分离及选择性浸出铜的方法.在高铅铁硫化铜矿中加入氧化钙焙烧,解离铜、铁和铅,对焙砂进行选择性硫酸浸出铜;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)及能谱分析仪(EDS)表征原料、焙砂和浸出渣的结构和形貌,揭示高铅铁硫化铜矿的焙烧和选择性浸出行为.用响应曲面法及中心复合设计原理,建立浸出温度、液固比、酸度及三者间交互作用对铜、铁浸出率影响的多元二次回归方程.结果表明:钙化焙烧能固硫和解离复杂硫化铜矿,以铜浸出率大于96.0％、铁浸出率最低为目标条件时,最佳选择性浸出条件如下:浸出温度70℃、液固比7.99∶1、酸度102.44 g/L,最佳条件下铜的浸出率为96.05％,铁的浸出率为15.14％,与验证实验中铜和铁的平均浸出率分别为96.17％和15.20％相比,二者偏差较小,表明模型准确,优化方案可信.
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