用直流电弧等离子体气相蒸发法制备球状Al纳米粒子, 并对其进行了XRD、TEM以及电极的脱/嵌锂离子循环性能表征。结果表明, 制备出的Al粒子大小约为100 nm, 表面包覆一层厚度不到1nm的非晶氧化物。使用Al纳米粒子制做的负极极片组装电池, 研究了电流密度对其电化学特性的影响。结果表明, 电池的首次充放电曲线和前10次循环性能曲线表明, 电流密度最小的Al电极首次放电容量最大, 为951.9 mAh/g, 首次容量损失也最大, 其循环稳定性能也相应变差; 而电流密度最大的Al电极首次放电容量为879.7 mAh/g, 其循环稳定性能最佳。首次放电结束后, 在电极材料中出现了两种化合物AlLi和Al2Li3, 与测试出的放电容量相符。
Aluminum nanoparticles were fabricated by a physical vapor condensation method (DC arc discharge). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and galvanostatic cycling. Al particle size is about 100 nm, and it is coated by amorphous Al2O3. Anode slurries prepared were consisted of Al powder, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder. The effects of current density on the electrochemical properties were investigated. The results show that Al electrode for the minimal current density delivers the highest initial discharge capacity (Li intercalation process) of 951.9 mAh/g but cycle life is poor. Al electrode for the maximal current density delivers initial discharge capacities of 879.7 mAh/g and possesses relatively good cycleability. After the initial discharge only two composites (AlLi and Al2Li3) in Al electrode are found, which correspond to the initial discharge capacity.
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