以烷烃为相变芯材的纳米胶囊是一种新型的固-固相变材料,其制备方法少且性能不足,一直处在研究阶段.利用阴离子型聚氨酯特殊的分散能力,将正十八烷分散在水中,在苯乙烯的参与下进行悬浮聚合,得到平均粒径在400 nm～750 nm的纳米胶囊.使用动态光散射法对悬浮聚合前后的粒径进行了测试,并用透射电镜和差示扫描量热法对纳米胶囊的形态和热性能进行了表征.发现悬浮聚合后粒径增大不明显,纳米胶囊具有明显的核壳结构,十八烷在其中呈单球形分布或多球分布,相变温度和过冷与纯十八烷基本一致,相变焓达到80 J/g,包裹率达到70％左右.
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