将一种商用活性炭在氮气保护下进行微波处理,采用元素分析、XRD、N2物理吸附和CO化学吸附等表征手段,考察了微波处理对活性炭载体的化学组成、物相、表面织构和催化剂钌分散度的影响. 以微波处理的活性炭为载体,以钡或钡铯为助剂,制备了一系列钌催化剂,在SV=10 000 h-1,p=10.0 MPa和θ=430 ℃的条件下进行了氨合成活性评价. 结果表明,活性炭经微波处理后能有效地脱除非碳成分,提高炭载体的稳定性,制备的负载型钌催化剂不仅具有较高的钌分散度,而且在一定温度范围内能够防止金属粒子烧结,从而使催化剂的活性和稳定性明显提高. 例如,以未经处理的活性炭为载体制备的4%Ru-Ba-Cs/C催化剂,其出口氨浓度为9.23%,经1.0 MPa,520 ℃耐热36 h后,其出口氨溶解度下降至7.39%; 而以经微波处理的活性炭(CW5)为载体制备的4%Ru-Ba-Cs/CW5催化剂,出口氨浓度为16.78%,经相同条件耐热后,其催化活性基本不变.
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