为开发不需“训练”就具有高可回复形变的铁基形状记忆合金，本文研究了直接时效和形变时效对Fe-13.53Mn-4.86Si-8.16Cr-3.82Ni-0.16C合金第二相析出，马氏体相变和形状记忆效应的影响。扫描电镜和X-Ray衍射分析表明时效后有大量Cr23C6第二相析出，但直接时效后Cr23C6的析出位置是无方向性的，而形变时效后Cr23C6的析出是有方向性的。相同时效时间下，形变时效析出的Cr23C6数量要显著多于直接时效的，且尺寸只有直接时效的一半。直接时效和形变时效都能显著提高合金的形状记忆效应，且都存在一个最佳的时效时间。经过任意相同时间时效后，形变时效后的形状记忆效应显著高于直接时效的。通过控制第二相在奥氏体晶粒内的析出方式，使第二相有方向性析出，可制备出免训练高可回复形变的铁基形状记忆合金。
To develop Fe-based shape memory alloys with high revovery strain free of training, the effects of direct ageing and strain ageing on the precipitation of second phases, the martensite transformation and the shape memory effect in an Fe-13.53Mn-4.86Si-8.16Cr-3.82Ni-0.16C alloy were investigated. The analysis of SEM and X-ray diffraction showed that after ageing lots of Cr23C6 precipitated and the precipitation of second phases through direct aging is unidirectional, while the precipitation of second phases through strain ageing is directional. At the same aging time, the amount of second phases through strain ageing is much more than that through the direct ageing, and the size of second phases is half of that through the direct ageing. The shape memory effect can be remarkably improved through both the strain ageing and strain ageing at the optimal aging time. The shape memory effect after strain ageing is much better than that after the direct aging at the same aging time. The Fe-based shape memory alloys with high revovery strain free of training can be fabricated through controlling the precipitation with direction of second phases.
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