添加Nb元素会使(Nd,Pr)FeB/α-Fe纳米晶复合永磁合金的平均晶粒尺寸显著减小.用AFM观察快淬(Nd,Pr)10.5Fe81.5-xNbxCo2B6(x(at%,下同)=0.0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0)合金条带自由表面的显微结构,晶粒平均直径从不含Nb的(Nd,Pr)10.5Fe81.5Co2B6合金的175 nm减小到含2 at%Nb的(Nd,Pr)10.5Fe79.5Nb2Co2B6合金的68 nm,晶粒平均直径细化了61%;当Nb超过2 at%后,Nb含量的增加对晶粒的细化作用明显减弱,含3 at%Nb的合金平均晶粒直径为63 nm,比含2 at%Nb仅细化了7.3%.含2 at%Nb的(Nd,Pr)10.5Fe79.5Nb2Co2B6合金,粘结磁体磁性能达到最佳值,Bτ=0.665 T,Hci=748 kA·m-1,(BH)m=73 kJ·m-3.Nb元素含量在2 at%Nb以下时,合金晶粒粗大,磁性能较低;超过2 at%后,富集在晶界处的富Nb晶间相加厚,晶粒间的交换作用和剩磁增强效应减弱,合金的内禀矫顽力虽然增加,但剩磁Bτ和最大磁能积(BH)m降低.
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