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Quantitative x-ray-diffraction measurements were performed on a nanocrystalline Cu sample made by severe plastic deformation. The shape of Bragg reflections was found to be represented primarily by a Lorentzian function. A difference of as much as 6%+/-3% was revealed between the integrated intensities from the nanocrystalline and a reference coarse-grained Cu samples. The broadening of Bragg reflections from the nanocrystalline Cu sample was mainly induced by small crystallite sizes and microstrains inside the grains and/or the deformed layers near the grain boundaries. It was found that the grain sizes of nanocrystalline Cu in different crystallographic orientations are essentially the same, while the microstrains exhibit a significant anisotropy. The Debye-Waller parameter B of the nanocrystalline Cu sample was 0.97+/-0.06 Angstrom(2), which suggests that the atomic displacement from their ideal lattice positions equals on average 0.111+/-0.004 Angstrom or 4.3% of the nearest-neighbor spacing. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.