以稻壳灰为主要原料,羧甲基纤维素钠和黏土为结合剂和增塑剂,采用传统机压方法,制备了稻壳灰基多孔陶瓷.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等对样品进行表征.研究了成型压力以及烧成温度对样品性能的影响.结果表明,以稻壳灰为主要原料,采用半干法机压成型,可以制备体积密度0.6～1.1 g/cm3、显气孔率50％～75％和耐压强度2.5～12.5 MPa的高性能稻壳灰基多孔陶瓷.当成型压力在5～20 MPa时,体积密度随压力增加显著增大,当压力大于40 MPa后体积密度增加不明显.稻壳灰基多孔陶瓷内孔隙组成主要有两种方式,其一为原料颗粒间堆积形成的孔隙,另一种为稻壳本征多孔结构.随着成型压力增加至25MPa,稻壳的本征织构也开始坍塌或破坏.烧成温度对稻壳灰基多孔陶瓷的体积密度影响不大,但可以提高陶瓷的耐压强度.当成型压力为90 MPa、烧成温度在1400℃时,样品的体积密度为1.1 g/cm3,耐压强度可达12.5 MPa.
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